浅论建筑消防安全性能化评估技术  

Preliminary Discussion on Performance-based Assessment of Fire Fighting for Buildings

作　　者：梅秀娟[1] 兰彬[1] 张泽江[1] 朱华卫[2] 

机构地区：[1]公安部四川消防研究所 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2005年第8期51-56,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家重点基础研究专项经费资助(2001CB409600)。

摘　　要：建筑消防安全性能化设计以其灵活性、科学性、经济性和有效性等优点受到了国际社会越来越多的重视,并在很多国家得到了应用。性能化评估作为性能化设计的核心环节,直接关系到性能化设计方案的成败。如何进行性能化评估,如何对性能化设计方案的评价和论证,如何设定相应的消防安全性能评估程序等等问题,都值得深入探讨。从建筑消防安全性能化设计的优点及其评估的重要性入手,从性能化评估的作用和必要性出发,深入分析了建筑消防安全性能化评估与性能化设计的关系;探讨了建筑消防安全性能化评估的步骤、流程、判定标准及其量化指标;并对国际上常用于性能化评估的3种典型的火灾风险评估模型进行了详细对比分析,并提出了进行性能化评估时需注意的一些关键问题。Perfonnance-based design of fire fighting for buildings is paid more and more attention globally due to its flexibility, scientific and economic property, and effectiveness, and is being applied by many countries. The perfomance-base assesment as the core link in performance-based design is directly correlated with the existence of the performance-based design protocol How to proceed the performance-based assessment, how to evaluate and validate the performance-based design protocol, and how to set relevant evaluation procedure of fire fighting safety are issues worthy to be probed into. The relationship between performace-based assesment and performance-based design is analyzed in-depth frcxn point of views of the merits and importance of performance-based design, and frorn the effect and necessity of performance-based assesment. The steps, procedure, accreditation criteria and quantifying indexes of performance-based assesment of fire fighting for buildings are also discussed. Three models generally used by other countries on the world for assessing fire risk are compared and analyzed in detail. Sane important precautions need to be noticed during performance-based assessment are suggested.

关 键 词：建筑消防 安全性能 灵活性 科学性 经济性 有效性 消防设计 

分 类 号：TU892[建筑科学]