东晋出家士族考  

An Investigation on the Scholar-bureaucrats Who Enter intoMonasery in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

作　　者：徐清祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《世界宗教研究》2005年第3期32-42,共11页Studies in World Religions

摘　　要：本文提出划分士庶的五条标准,从活跃在东晋时期的高僧中分辨出15名僧人具有士族身份。考证的结论是:两晋时代士族出家的现象绝大多数发生在北方士族群体之中;士族出家是在八王之乱(290)之后,两晋之交以及东晋时期在中国首次出现了士族出家的小高潮,绝大多数士族出家都是出于个人的人生信仰,属于认识问题;就北方出家士族南迁的时间来看,主要分二个阶段:一是永嘉至成帝咸康年间(307-342),二是晋哀帝兴宁年(363)以后。前者迁入地集中在建康和会稽,后者迁入地集中在襄阳和庐山。关于师门问题,东晋时代,佛学研究和僧团生活十分自由,师门并没有在佛教中起作用,距宗派性的产生还差得很远。也就是说,佛教戒律及其约束精神也由此规范着中国人的行为与观念。I put forward five standards to identify who belongs to Scholar- bureaucrat. Then I pick up fifteen monks from the topper status actively living in Dongjin dynasty and confirm their identity of Scholar-bureaucrat based on these standards. My final conclusions are as follows: most monks in the period of Xijin and Dongjin belong to the Scholar-bureaucrat group in north of China; They first entered into monastery after the Eight King Rebellion (290A.D.) broken out , and then living a monastic life became a popular trend and appeared very prosperous in the cross of Xijin and Dongjin dynasty; The main reason most of them entered into monastery lies in their individual belief which belongs to epistemology; the time monks of north of China migrated from north to south can be divided into two phases: the first period——(307A.D.～342A.D.); the second period——(363A.D.～420A.D.). In the former period they migrated to Jiankang and Huiji, and in the later period they migrate to xiangyang and lushan; As to the question who were their baptism rabbis, we haven’t yet had certain opinion. Because at that time, the research work of Buddhism and the life space of monasterial groups were very freely, so they hadn’t to leech themselves on to their great masters or belong to some certain monasterial group.

关 键 词：东晋士族 出家 东晋时期 士族 佛教戒律 八王之乱 人生信仰 认识问题 佛学研究 人的行为 

分 类 号：B949[哲学宗教—宗教学]