清远市2000～2004年麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological features of measles in Qingyuan from 2000 to 2004

作　　者：禤汝流 胡术贤 蓝志辉 华卫平[1] 

机构地区：[1]清远市疾病预防控制中心,广东清远511500

出　　处：《国际医药卫生导报》2005年第17期248-250,共3页International Medicine and Health Guidance News

摘　　要：目的分析清远市麻疹流行病学特征,探讨控制麻疹对策。方法对2000～2004年清远市麻疹监测资料进行统计分析,并采集部分疑似病例早期血清标本进行麻疹IgM抗体检测。结果2000～2004年清远市麻疹监测系统共报告麻疹疑似病例727例,其中临床诊断148例,实验室确诊412例,排除167例。麻疹病例分布在全市8个县(市、区),呈散发与局部爆发并存的流行病学模式,年均发病率为2.87/10万。期间共发生爆发疫情12起共149例,其中2004年7起共90例,爆发病例占全部病例的26.61%。全年均有病例报告,3～7月为高发。发病年龄最小为1月龄,最大40岁,以4～6岁的学龄前儿童为多,但爆发病例中7～14岁的中小学生占50.01%。22.72%的病例有明确的麻疹疫苗免疫史,73.79%发病年龄在15岁以上的病例免疫史不详。579份麻疹疑似病例血清IgM抗体阳性率为71.16%。结论2000～2004年清远市麻疹疫情不稳定,应加强疫情报告,提高麻疹监测系统效能和麻疹疫苗免疫接种覆盖率,并适时持久开展强化免疫活动。Objective This paper was to study the measles epidemiological features in Qingyuan, in order to draw a effective prevention.Methods To analysis the data of measles surveillance system in Qingyuan from 2000 to 2004, and the serum samples of some suspected measles cases in acute period were assayed for IgM antibodies of measles. Results Form 2000 to 2004, a total of 727 suspected measles were reported by measles surveillance system in Qingyuan, of which 148 were clinically diagnosed, 412 were laboratory identified and 167 were excluded. All these measles cases were distributed in 8 counties in Qingyuan, the mode of prevalence was presented for both emanation and outbreak, and The average rate of annual morbidity was 2.87/100000. 12 outbreaks with 149 measles cases had occurred and covered 26.61% of total measles cases in 2000～2004, of which 7 outbreaks with 90 measles cases had occurred. Measles cases occurred in every months, but the peak season was from March to July. Among these cases, their ages were from one month to 40 years, and concentrated on preschool children aged 4-6 years old, but among the outbreak cases, 50% cases concentrated on aged 7- 14 years. 22.72% of the cases were confirmed immunization history and 73.79% cases at the aged above 15 years had no vaccination records. Among 579 suspected measles, the positive rate of IgM was 71.16%. Conclusion The epidemic situation of measles was unstable, so cases reporting should be strengthened, the ratio of the effective in measles surveillance system and immunization coverage rate should be enhanced, and a permanent catch-up immunization campaign should be implemented.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学 监测 麻疹流行病学 清远市 特征分析 麻疹监测系统 麻疹疫苗免疫 疑似病例 IGM抗体检测 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R563.1[医药卫生—临床医学]