中国城市次级劳动力市场中民工劳动供给分析——兼论向右下方倾斜的劳动供给曲线  

A Theory of the Labor Supply of Rural Laborers in China's Urban Secondary Labor Market:With Reference to the Labor Supply Curve's Sloping Downwards and to the Right

作　　者：郭继强[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2005年第5期16-26,共11页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（项目编号70233003）;浙江省社科基金（编号N05LJ04）的资助.

摘　　要：现阶段中国城市次级劳动力市场中存在着这样一种现象：民工的劳动供给与工资正反馈向下直至工资趋于民工的保留工资。考察这种现象,本文认为,主流经济学关于劳动供给的研究忽略了最低必需支出的约束。在考虑到劳动者存在最低必需支出约束的情形下,经典劳动供给曲线将出现一个拐点,延续拐点后的劳动供给曲线向右下方倾斜；同时,就拐点后的这段劳动供给曲线而言,当劳动需求不足时,劳动供求将向右下方发散失衡。文章分析了这一没有引起主流经济学关注的问题,并在此基础上针对中国城市次级劳动力市场中的民工劳动供给现状进行了实证。There exists in the current urban secondary labor market the phenomenon that the labor supply of rural laborers and their wages exhibit downward positive feedback approaching their reservation wage.In my view,mainstream economics cannot explain such a phenomenon because it has overlooked the minimum necessity expenditure constraint.When the minimum necessity expenditure constraint is taken into consideration,a turning point will appear on the classical labor supply curve.The curve after the turning point slopes down to the right.When the demand for labor is insufficient for the segment of the labor supply curve after the turning point,labor supply and demand will disperse downward and the equilibrium will be disturbed.The author analyzes a question that has been overlooked by mainstream economists,and inaugurates a new theory and policy space for improving the plight of the laborers.

关 键 词：中国 城市次级劳动力市场 民工 劳动供给曲线 

分 类 号：F249.26[经济管理—劳动经济]