移情对亲社会行为决策的两种功能  

The Two Functions of Empathy on the Decision-Making of Prosocial Behavior

作　　者：寇彧[1] 徐华女[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《心理学探新》2005年第3期73-77,共5页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目(02JAZJDXLX004);北京市教育科学"十五"规划重点课题(ABA03009)

摘　　要：移情对亲社会行为决策具有动机功能和信息功能。霍夫曼认为,移情忧伤不仅能够作为亲社会道德动机促进亲社会行为的产生,而且能够激活观察者的道德原则,进而引发亲社会行为。巴特森强调移情不仅能够增强解除他人困境的动机,而且带有重视他人福利和想使他人困境得到解除的程度的信息。移情的动机功能依赖于诱发移情的情境,而信息功能具有稳定的倾向性,比动机功能更持久,两种功能共同作用使移情在亲社会行为决策中具有更强的适应性。移情功能理论对道德教育具有启示作用。Empathy has motivation function and information function for the decision- making on prosocial behavior. In Hoffman＇s view, empathic distress as the prasocial moral motivation can not only lead to prosocial behavior but also activate the moral principle of observers. Batson emphasizes that empathy can not only intensify motivation to relieve another person＇s need but also carry information about the degree to which one values the other＇ s welfare and wants to have his or her need relieved. Motivation function of empathy depends on the situation evoking empathy, but information function of empathy is dispositional and steady, which stands longer. The co - effect of the two functions makes empathy adapt better in the course of decision- making on prosocial behavior. The theories of empathy＇s functions will cast light on moral education.

关 键 词：移情 亲社会行为 决策 动机功能 信息功能 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]