物理规律的协变性和可变性  

Covariance and Variance of Physical Law

作　　者：裴永伟[1] 籍延坤[2] 吴振声[3] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学基础课部,辽宁沈阳110044 [2]大连交通大学数理系,辽宁大连116028 [3]沈阳大学教务处,辽宁沈阳110044

出　　处：《沈阳大学学报》2005年第4期100-104,共5页

摘　　要：应用牛顿第二定律和伽利略变化以及洛伦兹变化建立了相对论动力学基本方程,根据电磁场的麦克斯韦方程推出了交变电磁场的波动方程·然后,根据伽利略变换和洛伦兹变换以及参考系变化时物理规律数学表达形式变化的特性,详细分析了某些物理规律的协变性和可变性·结果表明:相对论动力学方程、质点系的动能定理、洛伦兹公式、交变电磁场的波动方程和麦克斯韦方程组具有协变性·而牛顿第二定律、机械能守恒定律、理想气体状态方程、玻意耳定律、盖吕萨克定律、查理定律、气体分子的麦克斯韦速度分布律、热力学第一定律、静电场的库仑定律和高斯定理以及环路定理、静磁场的毕奥-萨伐尔定律和高斯定理以及安培环路定理、德布罗意波长、薛定谔方程具有可变性·The fundamental equation of special theory of relativistic dynamics is established by using Newton＇s second law and Galilean transformation as well as Lorentz transformation, The wave equation of alternating electromagnetic field is deduced by the light of Maxwell electromagnetic field equation. According to Galilean transformation and Lorentz transformation as well as the varying property of physical law with changing of reference system, covariance and variance of some physical laws are analyzed in detail. Result show that the equation of special theory of relativistic dynamics, the kinetic energy theorem of particle system, Lorentz formula, the wave equation and Maxwell equation of alternating electromagnetic field have covariance, and that Newton＇s second law, the conservation law of mechanical energy, the state equation of ideal gas, Boyle Law and Gay-Lussac＇s law as well as Charles law of ideal gas, the Maxwell velocity distribution law of gas molecular, the thermodynamic first law, the Coulomb law and Gauss＇s theorem as well as circulation theorem of electrostatic field, the Biot-Savart law and Gauss＇s theorem as well as circulation theorem in magneto static field, De Broglige wave length, Schrodinger equation have variance.

关 键 词：协变性 可变性 定律 定理 

分 类 号：O411[理学—理论物理]