铅接触工人δ-氨基酮戊酸脱氢酶基因多态性研究  

The study on δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism in occupational lead exposed workers

作　　者：孙东红[1] 陈尧水[1] 杨黎明[1] 周志俊[2] 欧梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区卫生监督署,上海200136 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2005年第5期11-14,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海浦东新区社会发展局科研项目(编号:PW2002-05)

摘　　要：目的了解铅作业工人的δ-氨基酮戊酸脱氢酶(ALAD)基因分布并分析不同基因型与工人血铅(PbB)、临床症状表现的关系。方法用聚合酶链反应-限制性长度多态分析法分析不同ALAD基因型与PbB、工人症状表现的关系,比较预防措施实施前后含ALAD2型等位基因工人PbB等指标的变化。结果铅作业工人176人ALAD基因分布呈现多态现象,ALAD1-1型占89.77%,ALAD1-2型占10.23%。ALAD1等位基因比例为94.88%,ALAD2等位基因比例为5.12%,等位基因分布频率符合遗传学Hardy-W e inberg平衡。含ALAD2等位基因的个体较ALAD1型等位基因的个体具有较高的PbB浓度、较明显的神经征表现,采取措施后含ALAD2等位基因的18名工人的PbB、尿δ-氨基酮戊酸(δ-ALA)、锌原卟啉(ZPP)值有明显的降低,PbB平均下降19.06%,-δALA平均下降18.64%,ZPP平均下降15.88%。结论相同职业性铅接触条件下,ALAD2等位基因个体的PbB浓度增加并出现一些临床症状表现,通过采取针对性防护对策,可降低工人PbB浓度,保护含ALAD2等位基因的个体。Objective To investigate the distribution of ALAD gene polymorphism in lead exposed workers and to explore the association between the effect of ALAD gene polymorphism and blood lead concentration or symptoms of lead exposed workers. Methods The information of workers was collected with questionnaires. Technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism（PCR-RFLP）and electrophoresis was used to determinate the type of ALAD. Results 176 workers （ 145 males and 31 females）were selected as the lead exposure group with average age （43.08 ±7. 98 ） years old and average length of works （15.94±8.67 ）years. There were 158 ALAD1-1 homozygous individuals （89.77%） , 18 ALAD1-2 heterozygous individuals （ 10. 23% ） , but not ALAD2-2 homozygous individuals. The frequencies of ALAD1 and ALAD2 alleles were 94. 88% and 5. 12% , which accorded with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in genetics （ X^2 = 0. 35, P 〉 0.05 ）, The PbB level of ALAD1-2 heterozygotes was 1.33 μmol/L,which was significantly higher than that ofALAD1-1 homozygotes 1.03 μmol/L（ t =3. 104, P = 0. 005 ）. The ratio of ALAD1-2 individuals in high PbB group （55.56%） was also much higher than that of ALADI-1 individuals （30. 38% ）, X^2 =4. 636, P 〈0. 05. Some measures were applied to ALAD1-2 workers. The effects of these measures were sig- nificant, showing lowed PbB （ t = 2. 491, P = 0. 023 ）, δ-ALA（ t = 2. 037, P = 0. 029 ） and ZPP （ t = 2. 325, P = 0. 031 ）. Conclusion The frequencies of ALAD1 and ALAD2 alleles of the occupational workers in this research can represent the whole distribution of ALAD gene polymorphism in the whole population. Blood lead levels and symptoms are increased in ALAD2 allele occupational individuals. Measures to ALAD2 allele workers can lowed their PbB, δ-ALA and ZPP concentrations.

关 键 词：δ-氨基酮戊酸脱氢酶 基因多态性 铅 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]