三峡水库入库污染负荷研究(Ⅰ)——蓄水前污染负荷现状  

STUDY ON THE POLLUTANT LOADS INTO THREE GORGES RESERVOIR (Ⅰ)——POLLUTANT LOAD STATUS BEFORE IMPOUNDMENT

作　　者：李崇明[1] 黄真理[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市环境科学研究院,重庆400020 [2]国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室水库管理司,北京100038

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2005年第5期611-622,共12页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室资助项目"三峡水库水污染控制研究"部分成果

摘　　要：分析蓄水前三峡水库入库污染负荷,包括库区污染负荷,如城市生活污水、工业废水、农业面源、船舶流动污染源;主要干支流长江、嘉陵江、乌江的入库背景污染负荷,包括上游天然背景负荷和上游污染贡献负荷,为三峡水库水污染防治提供理论依据。研究表明:①进入三峡库区的污染源主要来自长江、嘉陵江、乌江上游输入的背景负荷,包括上游贡献负荷和天然背景负荷,其中:CODCr的天然背景负荷与上游污染贡献负荷较为接近,BOD5、NH3-N的上游贡献负荷略大于天然背景负荷;TP的上游贡献负荷远大于天然背景负荷。因此,“三江”上游区域的污染治理工作应为今后三峡水库水污染防治的重点;②库区内排放的主要污染物是TP、BOD5、TN、CODCr等有机污染物,其累计等标污染负荷比达到98%以上。库区内的主要污染源为农田径流,其等标污染负荷比为77.85%;其次为城市污水,其等标污染负荷比为19.45%,工业废水的等标污染负荷比只占1.62%。因此,农田面源将是今后库区污染防治的重点。This paper summarized the real pollutant loads into the Three Gorges Reservoir before impoundment, in which the pollutant loads from Reservoir Area consist of those caused by the household sewage, industrial sewage, agriculture pollution and ship-flowing pollution. The background pollutant loads by the upstream Yangtze River, two major tributaries Jialing River and Wujiang River were analyzed and divided into two parts of the upstream natural background pollutant load （UNBPL） and the contribution pollutant load （CPL） of upstream man-made pollution. All above provided the basis for the water pollution control of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results had shown that： （1） the total load of pollutants （including CODer, BOD5, NH3-N and TP ） into the Three Gorges Reservoir in 1998 were respectively annually 4. 489 9 × 10^6 , 9. 795×10^5 , 1. 005 × 10^5 and 8.27 × 104 tons, in which those from the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were respectively 3. 941 × 10^5 , 1. 887 × 10^5 , 1.3 × 10^4 , and 1.56 × 10^4 tons; （2） the main contribution pollutant loads were the upstream background load from the upstream Yangtze River, two major tributaries Jialing River and Wujiang River, containing UNBPL and CPL. The CODcr load of UNBPL was slightly smaller than that of CPL. The BOD5 and NH3-N loads of CPL were slightly larger than those of UNBPL. And the TP load of CPL was grealtly larger than that of UNBPL. So the pollution control of the upstream Yangtze River, two major tributaries Jialing River and Wujiang River should be the major issue for the Three Gorges Reservoir; （3） The major pollutants in the Reservoir Area were organic substances （pollutants） such as TP, BOD5, TN and CODer. , whose ratio of accumulative pollution load over 98%. The major pollution source was runoff formed by the agriculture, whose ratio of accumulative pollution load 77.85%. Next was household sewage, whose ratio of accumulative pollution load 19.45%. And the ratio of accumulative pollution load for the industrial sewag

关 键 词：三峡水库 污染源 污染负荷 污染负荷比 入库 蓄水 流动污染源 水污染防治 三峡库区 CODCR 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]