云南省1～3岁儿童乙型肝炎疫苗接种率及乙型肝炎病毒感染基线调查  

Survey on the Immunization Coverage Rate of Hepatitis Vaccine and the Infection Rate of Hepatitis B Virus among Children Aged from 1 to 3

作　　者：金莉[1] 蒋笃强[1] 黄玉芬[1] 杨永芳[1] 李桂珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,昆明市650022

出　　处：《职业与健康》2005年第10期1508-1510,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解云南省乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理前1～3岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和乙型肝炎病毒感染状况,为乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理提供本底资料。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样和标准组群抽样法,抽取全省4个不同经济收入层,120个调查点的2596名1～3岁儿童进行调查。结果1～3岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种率70.34%,全程接种率68.45%,首针及时接种率22.53%,全程及时接种率22.34%。不同层次地区乙肝疫苗各接种率差异非常显著,城市最高,贫困农村最低;HBsAg携带率2.25%;抗-HBs免疫抗体阳性率57.26%。HBV总感染率13.08%。各感染率在不同层次地区间、有无免疫史间差异非常显著。结论①乙肝疫苗接种率城市高于农村地区,而乙肝病毒感染则是农村地区高于城市,云南省乙型肝炎防治工作的重点和难点是农村地区,尤其是收入较低的贫困地区;②经过10a的乙肝疫苗有价接种,云南省1～3岁儿童半数以上儿童产生了免疫抗体,形成一定的免疫屏障;③接种过乙肝疫苗儿童的感染率明显低于未接种过乙肝疫苗的儿童,接种乙肝疫苗对降低乙型肝炎感染非常有效。[Objective] To learn the immunization coverage rate ot hepatitis vaccine and the infection rate of hepatitis B virus among children aged from 1 to 3 and provide basic data for planned immune management for Children. [Methods] Stratified multi - stage random sampling and cluster sampling methods were applied to select 2 596 children aged from 1 to 3 from families of different incomes. [Results] The immunization coverage rate of HB vaccine among the investigated children was 70.34% ; the whole - course immunization rate was 68.45% ;the timely immunization rate of the first dose was 22.53%, the timely whole - course immunization rate was 22.34%. Significant difference was found among different regions with the highest rate in the urban areas and the lowest in the rural areas; the HBsAg carriage rate, the HBsAb positive rate and the HBV infection rate were 2.25%, 57.26% and 13.08% respectively. [Conclusion] The immunization coverage rate of HB vaccine among children from urban areas is higher than that from rural areas, while the infection rate among children from urban areas is much lower than that from rural areas, especially poverty - stricken areas. Children aged from 1 to 3 in Yunnan Province have been successful protected against the infection of hepatitis through 10 years＇ immunization. The infection rate among vaccinated children is much lower than the unvaccinated children.

关 键 词：乙肝疫苗 接种率 感染率 基线调查 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]