不同栽培因子对河南潮土上小麦产量的影响  

Factors Affect the Wheat Yield in Alluvial Soil in Henan Province

作　　者：黄绍敏[1] 宝得俊[1] 皇甫湘荣[1] 寇长林[1] 杨桂梅 介晓磊[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南新县农业局农技推广中心,新县465500 [3]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2005年第5期69-74,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业部重点科研计划"高新技术与基础研究"项目(95农-高科-17-03-02);基础研究重大项目(973)前期研究专项(2001CCB00800);粮食丰产科技工程专题(2004BA520A06-8)

摘　　要：为明确各栽培因子在小麦生产中的作用,利用长期肥料定位试验在不考虑交互作用、尽量保证其他条件一致的情况下用差减法分别计算了14年来气候、施肥、土壤地力、品种和轮作方式对小麦产量的影响.结果表明,在这五种影响因素中,施肥对小麦产量的影响程度最大,用校正的相对值法得到从2000～2004年施肥对产量的影响程度为72.6%～82.7%,平均为78.8%;土壤地力对不同品种小麦的影响程度在34%～53%之间,12年的平均值为44%;气候对小麦产量的影响程度随施肥而不同,在21.2%～64.7%之间,10个处理平均为39%,气候对NK处理影响最大,对PK处理影响最小;小麦品种对产量的影响同样随施肥处理而不同,影响程度在15.8%～48%之间,平均为27%;小麦品种对单施氮肥影响最大,对秸秆还田影响最小,二者相差2倍;轮作方式的影响最小,14年平均为9.6%;不同年份的影响程度在0～26.3%之间.五种因素的影响程度大小顺序为:施肥＞地力＞气候＞品种＞轮作方式.Effects of climate, fertilization, soil fertility, wheat variety and rotations on wheat yield were studied in long-term fertilization experiment in alluvial soil during 1990～2004. The result indicated that among five factors, fertilization is the one with the largest effects. The effective on Zhengmai 9023 varied from 72.6% to 82.7%, averaged 78.8%. Soil fertility affected the wheat yield in range of 34%～53%, averaged 44% in 12 years. The impact of climate varied with fertilization type and rate from 21.2% to 64.7% ; the mean effects of 10 treatments was 39%. Ranked in the third, NK fertilizers affected the yield to the largest variations, and PK to the lest. The range of effect on wheat was 15.8%～48% ,averaged 27% in 9 fertilization treatments. Rotation had the smallest effect on yield from 0～26.3% in 14 years with the average of 9.6%. The order of effective extent was fertilization 〉 soil fertility 〉 climate 〉 variety 〉 rotation.

关 键 词：小麦 产量 施肥 地力 气候 品种 轮作方式 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311