黑龙江省过去20年粮食作物种植格局变化及其气候背景  

Main Grain Crops Structural Change and Its Climate Background in Heilongjiang Province during the Past Two Decades

作　　者：云雅如[1] 方修琦[1] 王媛[1] 陶军德[2] 乔佃锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]东北农业大学规划与发展学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2005年第5期697-705,共9页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40271115);中国科学院创新基金项目(Kzcx3-sw-321)。

摘　　要：根据黑龙江省1980～1999年的气候资料和1980～2000年水稻、小麦、玉米等主要粮食作物播种面积等统计资料,利用快速聚类分析方法分析了气候变化背景下黑龙江省主要粮食作物的种植格局和种植界限变化情况。结果表明:在过去20年里,全省主要粮食作物的播种面积变化显著。特别是进入20世纪90年代,水稻播种范围向北向东扩张趋势明显,种植面积比重显著增加;小麦种植面积比重快速降低,种植范围大幅向北退缩;玉米则在保持一个相对稳定的比例关系的基础上,逐渐向北部和东部伸展。粮食种植结构的这种调整使水稻逐渐取代小麦成为黑龙江省主要粮食作物之一,并最终导致该区主要粮食作物种植格局从以小麦和玉米为主转变为以玉米和水稻为主。上述粮食作物种植格局的变化与气候变暖带来的积温增加及积温带北移东扩密切相关。Global warming during the 20th century,especially the impacts of the global warming in the past two decades,has been paid much attention worldwide.A case study is made in this paper on the relationship between change of main grain crops structure and global warming in Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China,based on the statistical data of agriculture and ground based climate data during 1980 to 2000.Wheat,corn and rice are the three main crops planted in this province,the varieties of which indicate the human＇s response to the climate change.K-Means analysis is employed in this paper.It is found that,with the climate warming, the seeded area of rice has increased from 2×10^5hm^2 to 16.06×10^5hm^2,that of wheat deduced from 20.379×10^5hm^2 to 5.9×10^5hm^2,and the area of corn has been escalating.Thus the planting structure has been changed from wheat and corn in domination to corn and rice in domination in the past 20 years.The relationship between the main crops structure and the global warming is very evident. The northern planting boundary of the rice in Heilongjiang Province has extended to 52°N at north,and been pushing towards the east.The borderline of corn advanced to the north.At the meantime,the seeded area of wheat retreated northward.Changes of the main grain crops structure lie on the warming up procedure in Heilongjiang Province under global warming,which proved that temperature change has influenced human society to a certain extent,and people began to adapt to the new environment by transferring the land use patterns.

关 键 词：黑龙江省 气候变暖 粮食作物 种植格局 快速聚类分析方法 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]