中国实物国际贸易及其附带的环境负担转嫁分析  

Analysis of Chinese International Physical Trade and Associated Environmental Burden

作　　者：刘敬智[1] 王青[1] 顾晓薇[1] 胡伯[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与生态经济研究中心,沈阳110004

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第5期8-14,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部优秀中青年教师基金项目资助(编号:1711)。

摘　　要：由于各国资源禀赋条件和生产、消费水平不同,各种资源及其产品的国际贸易有利于国际分工的深化和整体生产力水平的提高,使全球资源的分配更加合理。但出口国为了提供出口商品,需开采本国资源,这一方面降低了本国资源的保障程度,另一方面出口商品的生产和本国资源开采加大了本国的环境压力;为发展本国经济发生的进口则对进口商品来源国的环境产生压力。因此国际贸易总是伴随着环境负担的转移。为了定量衡量实物国际贸易中附带的环境负担转移,本研究运用生态包袱概念和算法计算了中国1990年~2002年国际贸易对本国环境和别国环境引起的环境压力,并对中国这一时期的实物国际贸易做了详细分析。研究结果表明:1990年~2002年间以重量计算的中国的物质进口量为每年1·0×108t^4·0×108t,年增长率为11·3%;进口商品所附带的生态包袱为每年4·3×108t^25·0×108t,年增长率为15·6%;出口量为每年0·8×108t^1·9×108t,年增长率为7·5%,出口商品的生态包袱为每年3·0×108t^12·5×108t,年增长率为11·2%;实物贸易平衡(进口盈余)为每年0·25×108t^2·1×108t,总体趋于增长;生态包袱平衡(进口物质附带的生态包袱-出口物质附带的生态包袱)为每年1·1×108t^14·3×108t。1990年~2002年间中国每进口1t的物质对物质来源国的环境造成约4·2t^6·7t的环境压力,而中国出口1t的物质对本国环境产生大约3·9t^8·3t的环境压力。As the resources endowment and the level of production and consumption is different among the countries, international trade of resources and resource-based products can improve the global distr/bution of resources and raise the overall productivity. However, For exporting countries, supplying products to other countries entails more exploitation of its own resources, reducing its natural resource reserves and increasing its environmental pressure through product production and resources extraction. On the other hand, importing products lead to the increase of environmental pressure in the exporting countries. Therefore, there is always a shift of environmental burden associated with international trade. In this paper, the eco-rucksack is used to quantify the environmental burden from the physical international trade. The eco-rucksacks associated with the imported and exported products have been calculated to quantify the environmental burden from imports and exports in China. The results show that during 1990 - 2002： annual amount of imported goods ranged 0.1 - 0.4 billion tons with a growth rate of 11.3 % per year; the eco-rucksack associated with the imported goods ranged 0.43 -2.5 billion tons per year with a growth rate of 15.6% ; the annual amount of exported goods ranged 0.08 - 0.19 billion tons with a growth rate of 7.5 % ; the eco-rucksack associated with exported goods ranged 0.3 - 1.25 billion tons per year with a growth rate of 11.2 % ; the annual physical trade balance ranged 0. 025 - 0. 21 billion tons and was in fast increasing; the annual eco-rucksack trade balance ranged 0.11 - 1.43 billion tons; each ton of goods imported by China brought 4.2 - 6.7 tons＇ environmental pressure to other countries, and each ton of goods exported by China brought 3.9 - 8.3 tons＇ environmental Pressure to China＇s environment

关 键 词：实物贸易 环境负担 生态包袱 环境负担 国际贸易 中国 附带 2002年 1990年 资源开采 出口商品 进口商品 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济]