中国经济发展与生态足迹的关系研究  

Economic Development and Ecological Footprint in China

作　　者：刘建兴[1] 顾晓薇[1] 李广军[1] 王青[1] 刘浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与生态经济研究中心,沈阳110004

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第5期33-39,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部优秀中青年教师基金项目资助(编号:1711)。

摘　　要：本文计算了中国1961年～2001年的生态足迹、生态承载力和生态足迹赤字,分析了这些指标的构成及其变迁;对1990年～2000年间第一、二、三产业的生态足迹及其生态占用强度(生态效率)进行了计算和分析.结果发现:我国从1970年代初开始,生态系统就处于超负荷状态,生态赤字增长迅速,人均赤字年增长率达到9%以上;能源和耕地在生态足迹中占主要份额;第一产业生态足迹在总足迹中的比重最高(63.7%～68.5%)、生态占用强度也最高(达20hm2～23hm2/万元GDP)且生态效率有下降趋势,是影响我国经济之生态效率的主要矛盾所在;第三产业生态足迹在总足迹中的比重很低(4.5%～5.4%),其生态占用强度比其它产业低得多(1hm2/万元GDP),但该产业的生态足迹增长速度较高且生态效率提高较慢;第二产业生态足迹占总足迹的26.1%～31.7%,生态效率在3个产业中增长最快.2000年～2020年,要在实现GDP翻两番的同时实现生态足迹零增长,需要生态效率也翻两番,年增长率达到7.18%,而1990年～2000年间生态效率的实际年增长率为5.45%.The ecological footprint, bio-capacity, and ecological overshoot of China have been calculated and analyzed for the period of 1961 to 2001. The ecological footprints of the three sectors of the Chinese economy were estimated and their ecological intensities computed. It was found that： 1） The eco-system of China has been over-burdened since the start of the 1970s, and the ecological overshoot experienced a fast increase, with a growth rate of more than 9% in per-capita ecological overshoot; 2） energy and cropland were the two largest components of the Chinese ecological footprint; 3） the footprint of the 1 st sector took up 63.7% - 68.5% of the total, and its ecological intensity （20hm^2 - 23 hm^2/× 10^4 Yuan） was the highest of the three sectors and its eco-efficiency was declining; 4） the footprint of the 3rd sector took up a very low share of the total（4.5% - 5.4% ） and its ecological intensity is much lower than the other two sectors （about 1 hm^2/× 10^4 Yuan）, but the footprint of this sector increases fast and its eco-efficiency improves slowly; 5） the footprint of the 2nd sector took up 26.1% - 31.7 % % of the total, and the growth rate of its eco-efficiency was the highest of the three sectors. In order to have a zero growth in ecological footprint from 2000 to 2020, while the GDP grows by a factor of four, it is necessary to realize a factor-4 growth in eco-efficiency, too, or an annual growth rate of 7.18%. The actual growth rate in eco-efficiency from 1990 to 2000 was 5.45%.

关 键 词：中国 生态足迹 生态效率 社会经济发展水平 生态足迹 经济发展 关系研究 中国 2000年 生态效率 第一产业 1990年 生态占用 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济]