云南主产区气候热环境与优质冬春香料烟生产关系的探讨  

Effects of Sunlight Radiation on the Production of Quality Winter-Spring Oriental Tobacco in Yunnan Province

作　　者：吴述德 屈生彬 杜绍明 宋玉川 杨世波 温华东[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南省保山市气象局,保山678000 [2]云南烟草保山香料烟有限责任公司烟科所,保山678000 [3]云南省烟草科学研究所,玉溪653100

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第5期160-167,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：云南省烟草公司资助项目(编号:00A45)。

摘　　要：2001年/2002年在云南冬春香料烟主产区保山的罗明片和柯街片进行密度种植试验和气候考察。揭示出本区冬春香料烟生产季最高最低气温、平均气温和土温时空变化特点及差异气候特征;其中,冬季温度变化关键期(12月/1月)大部时段土温旬均值高于气温0·5℃~3·0℃,最低气温极值为3·0℃~3·4℃,随时空而异。研究表明,密度对烟叶产量和质量的影响以及株高迅速生长的天数随气候类型的不同而异;冬季热量水平低是生产优质冬春香料烟的制约因素;影响冬春香料烟生长发育和烟叶品质的温度因素因地域而异;光温差积影响烟叶总糖含量,10cm土温影响烟叶烟碱含量;适宜种植密度行株距为40cm×12cm,单株风干烟茎重达28·44g^31·33g/株、风干烟叶重达82·99g^91·41g/株、产量为1729·1kg^1903·8kg/hm2。此外,建立了株高-温度关系模型,模型通式:y′=c0+∑nci·xi。在此基础上,提出在主产区实现优质香料烟生产的对策建议。In the years of 2001 and 2002, the experimentation of different oriental tobacco population densities and the climate investigation were carried out in Luoming and Kejie regions, two of the staple production bases of the winter-spring oriental tobacco in Yunnan Province. The results indicated the climatic characteristics of the variation of the maximum and the minimum temperature, the average atmospheric temperature, and of the earth temperature etc in the oriental tobacco-growing season. The ten-day average earth temperatures in December and January were 0.5℃ - 3.0℃ higher than the atmospheric temperatures in this period. The minimum atmospheric temperature was 3.0℃ -3.4℃ and varied in different periods and locations. The effect of plant density on the rapid growing days, dry-matter accumulation, yields and leaf quality varied with the different climate type. The optimum plant population density is 40cm × 12cm, and the dry weight of the stem of a single plant is about 28.44g - 31.33g, the leaves 82.99g- 91.41 g, the yield is 1 729. 1kg - 1 903.8kg/hm^2. The weak sunlight radiation in the winter of the two areas restricted the production of quality tobacco leaves. Leaf quality and yield in the northern tropical zone were better than those in the southern subtropical zone. Higher value of STg-d resulted in better sugar content （ 16.68 % ） and higher temperature in 10cm depth of earth resulted in higher level of nicotine content （0.49 % ）. The mathematical model of Plant Height-Temperature was constructed： y＇=c0＋∑^ni=1ci·x^i.The factors restricting plant height development are the minimum atmospheric temperature in the northern tropical zone and the maximum atmospheric temperature in the southern subtropical zone. Consequently, the agro-biological light and sunlight radiation intensity can be used to judge the effects of heat conditions on the growth of oriental tobacco in different planting regions. The formula was： ST=1/n^2∑^ni=1Ti·∑^ni=1Si. Some proposals for quality oriental tob

关 键 词：气候热环境 优质香料烟 烟叶干物质重 主要化学成分 株高-温度模型 气候特征 香料烟 主产区 冬春 生产关系 优质 云南 热环境 烟叶产量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] P444[农业科学—作物学]