气候变化对蒙古栎生长和气候生产力的影响  

Impacts of Climatic Change on Quercus Mongolica

作　　者：郭建平[1] 高素华[1] 刘玲[1] 周广胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第5期168-172,共5页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础发展规划项目(编号:G1999043407)。

摘　　要：本文通过试验研究和模式计算,讨论了气候变化对蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)的影响.结果表明,CO2浓度升高有利于蒙古栎的生长和材积量的累积,当CO2浓度增加1倍时,叶面积增加28.1%,主茎新增量增加23.3%,分株数增加22.5%,叶片气孔阻力增加41.8%,而光合作用速率增加16.5%;而土壤干旱不利于蒙古栎的生长和材积的累积,当土壤湿度由60%～80%下降到45%～60%时,叶面积减小36.5%,主茎新增量减少34.3%,分株数减少37.5%,光合作用速率减小35.1%.大气中CO2浓度升高可以减弱干旱所带来的不利影响.我国东北地区蒙古栎的气候生产力在118 m3～288m3/hm2之间,积温对蒙古栎数量成熟龄时材积量的影响不大,但积温增加可以缩短蒙古栎的成熟龄,从而缩短蒙古栎的生长周期,而降水和辐射增加有利于蒙古栎气候生产力的提高.Quercus mongolica is one of the most popular trees in the north region of China. The composite impacts of simulated atmospheric CO2 enrichment and soil drought on Quercus mongolica were studied in a climate chamber. And the climatic potential NPP of Quercus Mongolica was calculated according to the Logistic growth model. In addition, the impacts of accumulated temperature, rainfall and sunlight radiation on the climatic potential NPP of Quercus Mongolica were determined and discussed. The results showed that simplex increase of atmospheric CO2 was favorable to the growth and volume accumulation of Quercus mongolica. When atmospheric CO2 doubled, the leaf area increased 28.1%, the fresh increment of main stem increased 23.3%, the branching number increased 22.5%, the leaf stomatic resistance increased 41.8%, and the photosynthesis rate increased 16.5 %. Simplex soil drought was unfavorable to the growth and volume accumulation of Quercus mongolica. When the soil moisture decreased from 60% 80% to 45% - 60%, the leaf area decreased 36.5%, the fresh increment of main stem decreased 34.3%,the branching number decreased 37.5%, and the photosynthesis rate decreased 35.1%. But when atmospheric CO2 doubled and the soil moisture decreased from 60% -80% to 30% -45%, the leaf area of Quercus mongolica decreased 49.4%, the fresh increment of main stem increased 2.7%, the branching number decreased 50%, and the photosynthesis rate decreased 50% . It indicated that the increase of atmospheric CO2 could mitigate the unfavorable impact of soil drought. But when soil drought is dominant and much more severe, the increase of atmospheric CO2 cannot offset the unfavorable influences of drought. The climate potential NPP of Quercus mongolica is about 118m^3 - 288m^3/hm^2 in the Northeastern China. In the upland regions distributed in Boketu, Hailaer and Tulihe in Inner Mongolia, Dandong region in Liaoning province, and Sunwu, Shangzhi, and Suifenhe region in Heilongjiang province, the climatic potential NPP is over 250 m^3/hm^2. In

关 键 词：气候变化 蒙古栎 影响 气候生产力 生长周期 蒙古栎 气候变化 CO2浓度升高 光合作用速率 数量成熟龄 叶片气孔阻力 土壤干旱 

分 类 号：S792.186[农业科学—林木遗传育种]