寒地水稻实地氮肥管理的研究与应用  

Study on the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management of Rice in Cold Area of Northeastern China

作　　者：范立春[1] 彭显龙[1] 刘元英[1] 宋添星[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2005年第9期1761-1766,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(30390080);农业部"948"项目(2003-Z53)资助

摘　　要：为解决东北寒地水稻施肥中存在的问题,引进了国际水稻研究所的实地养分管理技术。田间小区试验结果表明,寒地水稻叶片的叶绿素值(SPAD值)在穗分化期、抽穗期与叶片含氮量及叶色卡值(LCC值)之间都呈极显著的正相关(P﹤0.01)。初步确定寒地水稻的SPAD阈值为38～40,LCC阈值为3.5。与农民习惯施肥(FFP)相比,实地氮肥管理(SSNM)氮肥用量减少25%,千粒重增加0.75g,氮肥利用率显著提高。研究表明,在产量不降低甚至有所增加的前提下,SSNM可以降低氮肥用量,具有在广大寒地稻区推广的前景。Site-specific nutrient management （SSNM） technology was introduced from International Rice Research Institute （IRR/） to solve the problems in fertilizer application on rice in cold area. A plot experiment showed that there were significantly positive correlations （P 〈 0.01）between chlorophyll meter values （SPAD values） and N content in leaves, leaf color chart（LCC）values at panicle initiation and heading stages. Therefore 38-40 was considered as the critical SPAD value, and 3.5 was the critical LCC value for N application. Compared with farmers＇ fertilization practice （FFP）, the site-specific nitrogen management reduced the total N input by 25%, and increased the 1000-grain weight by 0.75 g, and significantly increased fertilizer-N use efficiency. The results suggested that SSNM has a great potential for reducing N input without cutting down the grain yield. SSNM is a valid agricultural approach for applying N fertilizer on rice in cold area of Northeastern China.

关 键 词：水稻 氮肥 叶色卡 产量 寒地水稻 氮肥管理 国际水稻研究所 SPAD值 应用 田间小区试验 叶片含氮量 氮肥利用率 水稻施肥 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S511.062