水土流失定量监测中GPS实测更新GIS数据的实用方法研究  

THE EXPERIMENT OF OPTIMUM METHODS OF RENEWING GIS'S DATA BY GPS SOLID SURVEY IN THE SOIL EROSION FIXED QUANTITY MONITORING

作　　者：卜兆宏[1] 姜小三[2] 杨林章[1] 张祖兴[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [3]水利部海河水利委员会,天津300170

出　　处：《土壤学报》2005年第5期712-719,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40171060和40301047)资助

摘　　要：介绍了GPS实测更新GIS陈旧处数据的实用方法研究及其在水土流失定量监测中的应用。该方法由GPS软硬件接收设备组装的实测仪器、实施实测的要点、实测数据的投影系统转换与对GIS陈旧处数据的更新处理等部分组成。它在实测更新土地利用图的应用效果,与测绘界所采用的RTK技术方法比,更为经济、快速和实用,而其所定位置和更新的GIS数据结果在消除系统误差后则更为可信。它在实验研究区应用表明:利用原土地利用图和实测更新后的土地利用图所获得的水土流失定量监测的两个结果,后者的监测精度明显高于前者7个百分点;为提高监测水土流失和水质面源污染量的精度,必须重视实测、更新变化了的山丘土地利用界线。This paper introduces how to use GPS on-the-spot survey to update outmoded GIS data in quantitative monitoring of soil erosion. This method involves field survey instruments composed of GPS software and receiving equipment, outline for field survey, conversion of projection of measured data, and updating of outmoded GIS data. In comparison with the RTK technology commonly used in the mapping circle to update land use maps, it is more economical, quicker and more practical, and moreover, its position finding and updated GIS＇ s data are more reliable after systematic errors are eliminated. The result in the experimental area indicated that the precision of monitoring soil erosion quantificationally was increased 7 percent, comparing the updated land use maps by GPS to the old maps. For increasing the precision of monitoring soil erosion and water quality from nonpoint source pollution, it is attached to update the changed boundary of the land use maps on hill or massif by GPS on-the-spot.

关 键 词：GPS GIS 水土流失 坡耕地 实用方法 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]