铁线莲属一新分类系统  被引量:109

A new system of classification of the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae)

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作  者:王文采[1] 李良千[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室,北京100093

出  处:《植物分类学报》2005年第5期431-488,共58页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基  金:国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470126)~~

摘  要:提出毛茛科Ranunculaceae铁线莲属Clematis一新分类系统。首先,简要回顾了此属的分类学研究历史,继对此属的营养器官和生殖器官的重要形态特征和花粉特征进行了分析,揭示出一系列演化趋势。这些趋势,尤其是萼片和雄蕊的演化趋势说明在现存的铁线莲属植物中,绣球藤Clematismontana与其少数近缘种的花构造最接近比铁线莲属原始的银莲花属Anemone,因此,包括绣球藤等植物的绣球藤组sect.Cheirpsis被认为是铁线莲属的原始群。主要根据花构造对铁线莲属现存的15组的亲缘关系进行了分析,发现它们是在4条演化干(绣球藤干、欧洲铁线莲干、尾叶铁线莲干、长瓣铁线莲干)的演化过程中先后形成的。本文将此4条演化干处理为亚属。最后做出属下各级分类群的系统排列,并给出简要的形态特征。A new system of classification of the genus Clematis is proposed. The taxonomic history of the genus is briefly reviewed. On the basis of the analyses of various morphological and palynological characters, evolutionary trends of some characters are revealed as follows:1. Habit: perennial herb(subshrub, woody vine)shrub.2. Seed germination: epigeal→hypogeal.3. Leaf: (a)phyllotaxy: alternat→opposite→verticillate.(b) division: simple, palmatifid[palmatisect→ternate(biternate ,1-3-pinnate→3-4-pinnatisect.)simple, undivided→temate.](c) texture: herbaceous→papery→subcoriaceous or coriaceous.4. Inflorescence: (a) position: terminal→terminal and axillary→axillary. (b) type: pedunculate, bibracteate, several-flowered cyme. (i) 3-4 times branched, 20-35-flowered cyme→many-branched ca. 100-flowered panicle. (ii) 1-flowered cyme→a single flower, pedicellate, but with peduncle and bracts wanting.5. Flower: (a) Sexuality: bisexual→unisexual. (b) Posture: erect, with straight pedicel→pendulous, with recurved pedicel.6. Sepal: (a) number per flower: 4 or 5→6-8. (b) aestivation: valvate→imbricate. (c) colour: white or yellow-blue, purple or red.(d) spreading direction: spreading→ascending→erect. (e) texture: herbaceous or papery→subcoriaceous or coriaceous. (f) shape: obovate→obovate-oblong, oblanceolate, lanceolate or oblong→narrowly oblong→linear.(g) apex: rounded or obtuse→acute→ acuminate→attenuate (h) margin indumentum: glabrous or puberulous→with a narrow velutinous strip (i) margin dilation: not dilated→dilated. (j) indumentum of adaxial surface: glabrous→puberulous→velutinous.7. Stamen: (a) indumentum: glabrous→filament hairy yet anther glabrous→both filament and anther hairy.(b) filament: (i) linear→roximally or distally widened, or entirely so. (ii) flat→rugose.(c) anther: oblong, 0.8-3.5

关 键 词:铁线莲属 毛茛科 演化趋势 亲缘关系 分类 铁线莲属植物 新分类系统 形态特征 研究历史 生殖器官 

分 类 号:Q949[生物学—植物学]

 

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