土壤中铅的来源及生物有效性  

Resource and Bio-availability of Lead in Soil

作　　者：杨金燕[1] 杨肖娥[1] 何振立[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《土壤通报》2005年第5期765-772,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(40025104);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2000CB810804)

摘　　要：土壤中铅有自然来源和人为来源。植物对铅的吸收和积累,决定于环境中铅的浓度、土壤条件、植物种类、叶片大小和形状等。饮用水中的铅主要来自河流、岩石、土壤和大气沉降。在生物圈循环过程中,铅污染通过呼吸、饮用水、食物等途径到达食物链的终端,最终使人体受到铅的危害。土壤铅全量与作物产量及铅吸收量的相关性要低于土壤有效铅。影响土壤铅的植物有效性的因素包括土壤铅全量、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物、高等植物等。目前,评价土壤中金属植物有效性的方法主要有:化学提取法、植物吸收试验、微生物和酶活性试验及同位素法。Lead is one of the environmental contamination elements which can poison plant, animal and Human beings. There are natural and contrived source of Pb contamination. Plants adsorb and accumulate Pb depending on the soil nature, the species of the plant and the Pb concentration in the environment. The Pb contamination in drinking - water comes mainly from the descent of Pb in the air, river, rock, and soil. By bio - circulation, Pb can poison human health through respiration, water and food. The correlation between the available Pb in soil and the output of the plant is higher than that between the total Pb in soil and the output of the plant. The main factors that affect the availability of Pb in soil are the total amount of Pb, soil nature, soil microbial, and plants growing on the soil, etc. The main methods now to evaluate Pb availability in soil are chemical extraction, plant adsorption, microbial and enzyme activation and isotopes tests.

关 键 词：土壤 铅 来源 有效性 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]