社群大小的年变化、气候和人类活动对神农架自然保护区川金丝猴日移动距离的影响  

Effects of annual change in group size, human disturbances and weather on daily travel distance of a group in Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhi- nopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China

作　　者：李义明[1] 廖明尧 喻杰 杨敬元 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]湖北神农架自然保护区管理局,神农架442421

出　　处：《生物多样性》2005年第5期432-438,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000046805);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KSCX2-SW-118;KSCX3-IOZ-02)

摘　　要：作者于2001年4月至2003年1月研究了社群大小的年变化、气候和人类活动对神农架自然保护区千家坪地区一群川金丝猴(Rhinopithecusroxellana)日移动距离的影响。对该群金丝猴进行了8个季节的跟踪研究,每季连续跟踪30d。用社群直线距离法确定猴群的日移动距离,同时调查社群大小,记录人为活动和气象因子。研究结果显示:(1)两年间猴群的个体数增加了14%,但其日移动距离没有明显变化,说明社群大小的年变化对日移动距离没有影响。(2)猴群在人为活动影响下的日移动距离比没有人为活动影响时长。(3)多变量回归分析显示,各个季节中,猴群的日移动距离与一天中晴和有云但无降水所占时间的比例没有相关性;与春季和冬季日降雨或雪所占时间的比例呈负相关,但与夏季和秋季的没有相关性,说明降水缩短了冬春季猴群的日移动距离,这可能与川金丝猴的繁殖有关。人为活动对猴群是不利的;冬春季的长时间降水可能是川金丝猴的灾害性天气。Daily travel distance of primates is an important factor to evaluate their home range size. The effects of annual change in group size, human disturbances and weather on daily travel distance of a group in Sichuan snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus roxellana） was studied for eight seasons from April 2001 to January 2003 in the Qianjiaping area of Shennongjia Nature Reserve, Hubei. The group was successively followed for 30 days every season. The group＇s straight-line distance method was used to determine the daily travel distance of the group. Annual group size was investigated and information on human disturbance and weather was collected. The results showed that group size increased by 14% from 2001 to 2002. There was no difference in the daily travel distance of the group between the two years, suggesting that annual change in group size had little effect on daily travel distance. The group traveled a longer distance on days with human disturbance than on days without in the same season. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that there was no relationship between the daily travel distance of the group, the proportion of time spent sunning and the proportion of cloud cover during the day in different seasons. The daily travel distance was negatively correlated with percent of time with rain or snow during the day in winter and spring but not in summer and autumn, indicating that the group reduced daily travel distance during rainy or snowy days in winter and spring. The seasonal difference in effects of rain or snow on the daily travel distance may be related to reproductive features of the monkeys. The results suggest that human disturbance may have a harmful effecton the monkey population, and that long periods of precipitation in spring and winter can represent crises for the monkeys.

关 键 词：RHINOPITHECUS ROXELLANA 日移动距离 季节性 人为活动干扰 气象 灾害 神农架自然保护区 川金丝猴 移动距离 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]