施钾对高油玉米和普通玉米吸钾特性及子粒产量和品质的影响  

Comparison of potassium absorption, yield and quality between high-oil and common corn affected by potassium application

作　　者：何萍[1] 金继运[1] 李文娟[1] 刘海龙[1] 黄绍文[1] 王秀芳[2] 王立春[2] 谢佳贵[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 [2]吉林省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2005年第5期620-626,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目资助

摘　　要：采用田间试验研究钾肥用量对高油玉米和普通玉米吸钾特性及子粒品质和产量的影响。结果表明,两品种钾素吸收最大速率随施钾量的增加呈增加趋势,在施K2O 90150 kg/hm2范围内,通油1号的钾素吸收最大速率大于四密25。成熟期通油1号的吸钾总量明显高于四密25,但其子粒产量却低于四密25。玉米子粒的钾素绝大部分来源于开花后根系的吸收。通油1号开花后根系钾素吸收量和成熟期子粒钾素吸收总量明显高于四密25。高油玉米通油1号含有较高的脂肪酸和蛋白质含量,但淀粉含量较低。施钾在提高产量的同时,增加了子粒中脂肪和蛋白质及其组分含量,但减少了淀粉总量和支链淀粉含量。表明子粒中淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪和产量之间存在内在联系。Field experiment was carried out to investigate potassium absorption, grain yield and quality between high-oil and common corn affected by potassium application. Results indicated that the highest potassium absorption rate （HAR） of both cultivars took on a rising tendency with the augment of K application, and HAR of Tongyou 1 （TY1） exceeded that of Simi 25 （SM25） when K20 was applied between 90 kg and 150 kg per hectare. In comparison with SM25, TY 1 contained much more potassium but lower grain yield at maturity. Potassium in grains of two maize varieties was mainly from K absorption by roots after flowering. Compared with SM25, both K absorptive capacity by roots after flowering and total K absorptive capacity in grain at maturity duration of TY 1 were much higher. TY1 contained more fatty acid and protein, but lower starch. Potassium application raised not only grain yield, but fatty acid, protein and their constituents. However, starch and its constituents of amylopectin, declined due to the application of potassium. The results indicated that there was some inherent relationship among fatty acid, protein, starch and grain yield.

关 键 词：高油玉米 普通玉米 吸钾特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]