生态活度生态位——理论、方法及其应用  

Eco-vigor Niche——Theory,Method and Application

作　　者：毛显强[1] 鱼京善[1] 郭秀锐[2] 杨志峰[1] 何孟常[1] 吴乾钊 陈思宁 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境科学研究所,北京100875 [2]北京工业大学环能学院,北京100022 [3]广州市环境保护局,广东广州510032

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2005年第5期121-125,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973课题(编号:2005CB724204);"北京工业大学博士启动经费"资助

摘　　要：“生态活度生态位(Eco-vigor Niche)”是对生态位概念和理论的发展,它描述区域生态系统中一个占据特定空间位置的复合生态系统单元(或景观斑块),在与其它单元相互作用过程中所形成的相对地位与作用。在由自然生态活度坐标和社会经济生态活度坐标构成的二维空间中,生态活度生态位可以用二维空间中的矢量表达。该矢量的“长度”意味着,生态系统单元的资源优势程度与提供生态服务的能力;矢量的“方向”则意味着该生态系统单元所具有的,由其社会经济生态活度和自然生态活度相比较而体现出来的属性,反映出该单元在区域复合生态系统中的性质和角色。“生态活度生态位”可以表达区域生态系统内的空间分异特征,反映各生态单元在区域内扮演的角色,判断各单元在区域生态系统中的功能定位,为生态区划、生态规划、土地利用规划等提供依据。The concept of eco-vigor niche （EVN） describes the function and role of an eco-tmit （or a landscape patch） within a regional compound-ecosystem, formed in the process of mutual interaction with other units. It is a development of the concept of niche. In the two-dimensiunal-space composed of social-economic eco-vigor coordinates and natural eco-vigor coordinates, EVN is expressed as a vector in the twodimension space. The “length” of the EVN vector means the resource advantage or capacity of providing eco - service of an eco-unit. The “direction” of EVN vector means the comparative attributes of social-economy and natural characters of an eco-unit, reflecting the relative function of an eco-unit in a regional compound-ecosystem. EVN can be used to deliver the spatial differentia of the region, reflect the ecological role and functional orientation of an eco-unit. These contribute to the regional eco-regionalization, eco-planning and regional land planning. In the case study of ecologically sustainable development planning of Guangzhou, an indicator system is first set up, which uses population, economy density and educational data to construct social-economic eco-vigor coordinates, and uses environmental, urban thermal field and eco-service value of vegetation coverage to construct natural eco-vigor coordinates. Then with GIS special analysis technology, the EVN calculation is carried out for every identified eco-unit （ in this case, villages are the smallest identifiable eco-unit with necessary data available）. Then with certain arithmetic, special clustering is done to obtain the regional EVN evaluation map. The concept and methodology of EVN has been proven to be effective.

关 键 词：生态位 生态活度生态位 生态规划 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]