生态系统健康效果——费用分析方法在广州城市生态规划中的应用  

Application of Cost-Ecosystem Health Effect Analysis in Eco-planning in Guangzhou City

作　　者：郭秀锐[1] 毛显强[2] 杨居荣[2] 杨志峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环能学院,北京100022 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2005年第5期126-130,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973课题(编号:2005CB724204)";"北京工业大学博士启动经费"资助

摘　　要：生态系统健康是应用生态学界近年来的研究热点和前沿,并且已被越来越多地应用到城市生态研究中。在广州城市生态规划研究中,尝试将生态系统健康评价方法应用到生态规划方案的评估与决策中。首先建立城市生态系统健康评价指标体系,然后对提出的生态规划方案进行费用效果分析,用以指导方案的选择与决策。在费用效果分析中,以方案所需投资作为费用,以方案实施后能促使城市生态系统达到的健康程度作为效果。本文采用5个要素,即活力、组织结构、恢复力、维持生态系统服务功能、对人类健康的影响等,来构建城市生态系统健康的评价指标体系。通过对这5个要素的进一步理解和分析,提出了初步的城市生态系统健康评价指标体系,包括12个类别,49个指标。为确保这些指标之间相互独立,搜集广州市1991-2000年间49个指标的样本数据进行主成分分析,筛选掉对总体贡献很小的指标,保留对总体贡献较大的指标,确定了最终的评价指标体系,同时也得出了各指标的权重。最后,通过测算规划方案中各类型的生态环境建设项目投资力度在变动±10%、±20%、±50%时,对生态系统健康状况改善的影响程度,以掌握各生态环境建设项目对于城市整体生态健康水平的重要性排序,为优先安排生态环境建设项目提供决策参考依据。Ecosystem health has been a focal point and study frontier of applied ecology in the recent years, and has also been used more and more in urban ecological studies. In the urban eco-planning of Guangzhou city, eco-system health assessment method is used to make eco-planning scheme evaluation and support decision making. First, an urban ecosystem health assessment indicator system is set up. Then, with the assessment indicator system, a cost-effect analysis is made for the different scenarios of planned countermeasures and schemes to guide the selection of the best or second best schemes. In the cost-effect analysis, taking the investment needed for the planned schemes as the cost, and taking the health state that the implement action of a planned scheme can reach as the effect, a cost-effect relationship could be found. Five factors, including vigor, organizational structure, resilience, ability to maintain ecosystem service function, influence on human health, are selected, and further analysis and decomposing of the five basic factors give 12 categories and 49 indictors to form the assessment indicator system. To make sure the independence of the indicators, the data of the 49 indicators in Guangzhou were collected and principal component analysis is done to filter out the indicators which are less important in term of contribution to final result, and reserve the more important 36 indictors as the component of the final assessment indicator system. The weight of each indictor is also determined. To make the priority of all the proposed planning schemes or countermeasures, the respective ecosystem health state of the city is evaluated, assuming that the investment in every category of eco-environmental construction projects changes by ± 10%, ± 20%, ± 50%. In this way, the importance order of every eco-environment construction project to the urban eco-system health state can be worked out, which provides a reference for planning the prior urban eco-environmental projects.

关 键 词：生态系统健康 费用效果分析 城市生态规划 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]