库姆塔格沙漠形成演化与区域新构造运动关系研究  

Relationship between the Formation and Evolution of the Kumtag Desert and the Regional Neotectonic Movement

作　　者：屈建军[1] 左国朝[2] 张克存[1] 俎瑞平[1] 方海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省地质调查院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2005年第4期424-428,共5页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043504)国家自然科学基金项目(49971013)

摘　　要：库姆塔格沙漠位于塔里木板块东部的阿尔金山北麓地带,受青藏高原新构造运动强烈隆升和贯穿本区的阿尔金断裂系发生左旋走滑变动的影响,构筑了南高北低的地质构造变为盆山格局。通过现今的断裂左旋走滑、多风向吹扬及南侧高山洪水及泥石流侵蚀地形共同作用表现出帚状弧形展布。风沙地貌特征表现为由东北向西南分异明显、沙丘类型复杂、形态独特,主要以羽毛状沙丘、金字塔沙丘著称。As the third largest desert in Xinjiang and the eighth largest desert in China, the Kumtag Desert is located in the east Tarim Basin and the north piedmont of the Altun Mountain, it is 350 km in maximum length from east to west and 120 km in maximum width from south to north, and its total area is 21 970 km^2. Affected by the intensive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau neotectonic movement and the sinistral slip of the Altun rift system, in this region the south-high and north-low basin-mountain pattern has formed. Broom-like dunes are distributed in the Kumtag Desert because of the action of sinistral slip of the rift system, winds occur frequently in multiple directions, and floods and debris flows from the south mountainous regions occur sometimes. The features of aeolian landforms in the northeastern part of the desert are quite different from that in the southwestern part, and the dune types are complixed and unique. The main dune types in this region are the feather-like dunes and pyramid dunes. Internal structure and underlying paleo-landforms of barchan dunes and dune chains in the Kumtag Desert have been investigated with Ground Penetrating radar, and the results reveal that the formation od the dune and dune chains is closely related to the action of the regional prevailing wind but not to the underlying paleo-landforms. Ancient dead Tamarix community and Calligonum community buried in the dunes and feather-like sand ridges are distributed in the region, with ^14C dating it can revealed that the developing process of the Kumtag Desert is about 4 600 years.

关 键 词：库姆塔格沙漠 新构造运动 阿尔金断裂系 帚状弧形沙垅 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学]