论“吃”对“食”的历时替换  

On the Diachronic Substitution of "吃" for "食"

作　　者：王青[1] 薛遴[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中文系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2005年第5期73-76,共4页Journal of Yangzhou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：表示现代汉语的“吃”义,文言一般用“食”。“”作为动词明确地表示“吃”义始于六朝,一般出现在较口语化的场合,当时使用还很不广泛。唐代即逐渐增多,但与“食”相比,仍处于弱势。至晚唐五代“”已在口语中替代“食”,并和原本表示口吃的“吃”混用。宋代以后,“”(吃)有了迅速发展,并且很快战胜了“食”,直至现代汉语中取而代之。从词汇史的角度考察,我们可大致描写出“吃”与“食”的历时替换的轨迹。“食”（shi） is generally used in ancient Chinese to express the meaning of “吃”（chi）. “喫”（chi） as a verb clearly expressing the meaning of “吃” started from the Six-dynasty period. It usually appeared on the informal occasions and was not widely used in this way. “喫” was used by more and more people since Tang Dynasty, but compared with “食”;it was still scarcely used. In the later periods of Tang Dynasty and Wudai, “喫” replaced “食”in colloquial language and was used as“吃” .Since Song Dynasty, “喫”（吃） developed rapidly and became prevalent than “食” This paper makes a study of the diachronic substitution of “吃” for “食” from the angle of lexis history.

关 键 词：词汇史 历时研究 吃 食 噢 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语] H136