异担子菌及其病害防治的研究现状  

Studies on Heterobasidion and Its Control of Root and Butt Rots by the H.annosum Complex

作　　者：戴玉成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2005年第5期615-620,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30371164)资助

摘　　要：北半球针叶林最严重的森林病害是由广义的多年异担子菌(Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato)引起的干基白色腐朽病,但近年的研究表明多年异担子菌并不是单一的物种,目前在欧洲已分出3个独立的种,即原始多年异担子菌(Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto)、小孔异担子菌(Heterobasidion parviporum)和冷杉异担子菌(Heterobasidi-on abietinum),它们生物学习性、形态结构,生态学,寄主范围和发生区域均有差异。应用大伏革菌Phlebiopsisgigantea对该类病害进行生物防治是较好的方法。将中国东北和西南(云南)的异担子菌单孢菌株与欧洲的三种异担子菌进行交配,结果表明中国东北和西南地区的异担子菌与原始多年异担子菌无性亲和反应,而与小孔异担子菌有性融合反应,因此中国东北和西南地区的异担子菌是小孔异担子菌,目前中国并不存在原始多年异担子菌。由于原始多年异担子菌和冷杉异担子菌均为严重的森林病原菌,应将其作为对外检疫对象。The Heterobasidion annosum sphere, and they cause severe damages complex are the most aggressive pathogens on coniferous forests in northern hemion many gymnosperm trees：The species complex were considered as a single species, however, three species have been recognized in Europe ： Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto, H. parviporum and H. abietinum. The three species have differences in biological, morphological and ecological characteristics, hosts and distribution. Being controlling the disease of root and butt rots , Phlebiopsis gigantea is the best antagonistic fungus to prevent the Heterobasidion annosum complex. The single-spore cultures of Heterobasidion from northeastern and southwestern China were paired with homocaryons of three European species, and the Chinese stocks mated European H. parviporum only. Heterobasidion annosum and H. abietinum do not exist in China so far, and they should be considered to be in quarantine in China because these two species are important forest pathogens in Europe.

关 键 词：干基腐朽 森林病原菌 异担子菌 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]