NiO纳米晶的机械化学合成及其电化学性能  

MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTY OF NiO NANO-CRYSTALLITES

作　　者：杨华明[1] 欧阳静[1] 唐爱东[2] 张向超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源生物学院无机材料系,长沙410083 [2]中南大学化学化工学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2005年第9期1115-1119,1126,共6页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50304014);湖南省首批新世纪121人才工程(05030119)资助项目

摘　　要：以NaCl为稀释剂,NaOH,NiCl2.6H2O为原料,采用固相机械化学反应制备Ni(OH)2前驱体。前驱体经焙烧可制得呈面心立方晶型的黑色NiO纳米晶粉末。用差热/热重分析前驱体的热处理过程,X射线衍射表征样品的结构,透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)观察粉末的形貌特征。TEM观察表明:产物为立方形颗粒,颗粒平均尺寸在80 nm左右,呈现良好的单分散性。用循环伏安法测试NiO的电化学性能,并计算其比电容值,考察前驱体焙烧温度对所得NiO电极的电化学性能的影响。研究发现:400℃处理所得NiO纳米材料在同一扫描速率下的充放电电流最大,比电容值最大,当扫描速度为1 mV/s时其比电容值可达209.32 F/g。The nanocrystalline precursor Ni（OH）2 was synthesized through a solid-state mechanochemical reaction of NaOH and NiCl2·6H2O with NaCI as diluter. Black NiO nanocrystallites with a cubic shape were prepared by calcining the precursor at different temperatures. The precursor and the NiO nanocrystallites were characterized by using differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The TEM observation results indicate that the NiO nanocrystallite powder consists of well-dispersed cubic particles of about 80 nm. The effect of thermal treatment temperatures for the precursor on the electrochemical property of NiO powder was investigated. It is found that the charge and discharge currents of the NiO nanocrystallites heat-treated at 400℃ reach the maximum at the same scanning rate, and the specific capacitance also is at the maximum value. The calculated maximum specific capacitance was 209.3 F/g according to the measurement results of the electrochemical property of the NiO powder by cyclic voltamrnetry at a scanning rate of 1 mV/s.

关 键 词：氧化镍纳米晶 机械化学合成 循环伏安法 电化学 比电容 

分 类 号：O48[理学—固体物理] TB44[理学—物理]