长江上游流域1961—2000年气候及径流变化趋势  

Changing Trends of Climate and Runoff over the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River in 1961-2000

作　　者：王艳君[1] 姜彤[1] 施雅风[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2005年第5期709-714,共6页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所知识创新工程所长专项基金项目(SS220007);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-331);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2004405511)资助

摘　　要：以长江上游流域及周边113个气象站1961—2000年的气象数据以及干流屏山、宜昌水文站的径流数据为基础,对40 a来的气温、降水、参照蒸散量和径流进行了趋势分析.长江上游流域大部分地区年平均温度呈现上升趋势,尤以1990年代的升温幅度最为显著,其中冬季的增温对年增温的贡献最大,增温区主要分布在长江源区及金沙江流域.长江上游流域年和冬季降水显著增加,年降水的增加主要由于夏季极端降水事件频率的增大,降水显著增加的区域主要分布在长江源区及金沙江流域.长江上游流域参照蒸散量呈显著的下降趋势,尤其是夏季参照蒸散量下降趋势最为显著,主要分布在川江流域.屏山站径流量表现为微弱增加趋势,而宜昌站径流量呈微弱下降趋势,这除了受人类活动的影响外,川江流域年降水量的下降是宜昌站径流量减少的主要原因.Based on observations of 113 meteorological stations over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the changing trends of temperature, precipitation, and consulting evapotranspiration are analyzed from 1961 to 2000. The changing trends of annual runoff at Pingshan and Yichang Stations are detected for the recent 40 years. Significant positive changing trends of temperature are observed, especially in the 1990s in the headstreams and Jinshajiang basin in the upper reaches of Yangtze River. The average temperature in the 1990s is O. 35℃ higher than that between 1961 and 1990. Significant positive changing trends of annual precipitation are found in the whole upper rea-ches of Yangtze River, especially in the headstreams and Jinshajiang basin. The frequency of extreme precipitation events in summer shows a significant increase, which contributes a large amount to the increment in annual precipitation. While.the decrease of intensity of annual extreme precipitation events have much to do with the decrease of annual precipitation in the Chuanjiang basin. The consulting evapotranspiration decreases obviously over the upper reaches of Yangtze River, especially in summer in Chuanjiang basin. Slight increasing trend of annual runoff at Pingshan Station and slight decreasing trend of annual runoff at Yichang Station are revealed.

关 键 词：气温 降水 参照蒸散量 径流 时空变化 长江上游 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]