塔里木河流域2003年“四源一干”河川径流及输水运行分析  

Streamflow Variations of Four Source Rivers and Mainstream of Tarim River,Xinjiang and Transfer Water Course in 2003

作　　者：王顺德[1] 张洪[1] 魏琳 毛炜峄 张建岗[4] 王福勇[4] 沈永平[5] 王进[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]新疆水文局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆环境气象中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒8410004 [5]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2005年第5期715-722,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所前沿领域创新项目(20041107);中国沙漠气象研究基金项目(sqj2004006)资助

摘　　要：2003年塔里木河四条源流出山口天然径流量258.21×108m3,偏多12.8%,属偏丰水年.阿拉尔站以上的三条源流(阿克苏河、叶尔羌河、和田河)出山口天然径流量为221.19×108m3,偏多14.0%,属偏丰水年;开都河孔雀河为37.02×108m3,偏多6.0%,属平略偏丰水年.四条源流入塔里木河总水量为47.66×108m3,占出山口天然径流总量的18.5%.阿拉尔站以上三条源流入塔里木河水量为44.08×108m3,占三条源流出山口天然径流总量的19.9%,叶尔羌河是惟一无水输入塔里木河的源流.2003年塔里木河干流上游段耗水量20.51×108m3,是干流最大的耗水区段,中游段耗水量16.89×108m3,下游段耗水量11.16×108m3.上、中游耗水量在减少,下游耗水量在增加.从2003年3月3日至7月11日第5次应急输水历时132 d,从博斯腾湖调水入塔河干流水量3.58×108m3,而塔河干流到达恰拉水量7.58×108m3,干流来水量继2002年后再次超过了博斯腾湖调水量.可以确定,2002年塔里木河向下游输水属于由博斯腾湖调水为主转为干流为主的转折年份,但是2003年干流向下游输水的比例更高.2003年大西海子水库向最下游下泄水量为3.455×108m3,首次打通了145km的老塔里木河,采取其文阔尔河和老塔里木河双河道输水,水再次流到塔里木河尾闾———台特玛湖,加上车尔臣河水的汇入,年内在台特玛湖区最大形成了约200 km2的水面.长期确保向塔河下游输水以干流来水为主,加大对塔河的综合治理,特别要加大对干流上游段和主要源流区的综合治理.The Tarim Basin is the biggest arid inland basin in China. It is located in Asia European Continent and far away from the sea. The Aksu, Hotan, Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers are four source rivers of Tarim River drainage. The three tributary river systems （ Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant） that contribute flows to the Tarim River join just above the Aler gauging station where the Tarim River begins. From the confluence of its three main contributing tributaries, the Tarim River mainstream extends 1321 km to Taitema Lake. In addition the Kaidu-Konque River Basin, which is hydrologically separate from the Tarim River, contributes water to the Tarim River by means of a man-made transfer channel. In 2003, annual virgin flow of 258.21×10^8m^3 from four mountains basins of Aksu, Hotan, Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers drain into the Tarim Basin, more 20.7% than average annual streamflow, is an abundant hydrological year. The annual total virgin flow of Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant above the Aler gauging station are 221.19×10^8m^3 from the mountains basins, and of the Kaidu-Konque River from Tianshan Mountains 37.02 10^8m^3. The total discharge of the four source rivers into Tarim River is 47.66×10^8m^3 in 2003, which three tributary river systems （Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant） contributes 44.08×10^8m^3 flows to the Tarim River. Most of this water is consumptively used before reaching the confluence, total consumptive water of four source streams sum up 210.55×10^8m^3, occupy up 81.5 of annual virgin flow from mountains basin. Yarkant is only river no water drain into the mainstream of Tarim Rive. The interzone consumed water of the Tarim River mainstream are estimated to be 20.51×10^8m^3 for the upper course, the largest consumed section of the Tarim River mainstream; 16.89×10^8m^3 for the middle course, and 11.16×10^8m^3 for the downstream course. Comparing with 2002, Consumed water has a decreasing trend in upper and middle streams course, and increasing in the lower course. The fifth ecological emergency water dive

关 键 词：塔里木河 河川径流 输水运行 2003年 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]