垣曲商城出土含砷渣块研究  

Analyses on As-contained Slag Unearthed from Shang Dynasty City Site in Yuanqu County of Shanxi China

作　　者：梁宏刚[1] 李延祥[2] 孙淑云[2] 佟伟华 

机构地区：[1]中国文物研究所,北京100029 [2]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所,北京100083 [3]中国国家博物馆考古部,北京100009

出　　处：《有色金属》2005年第4期127-130,共4页Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家文物局资助项目"中原及北方地区早期古矿冶遗址考察研究"(2005-2)

摘　　要：采用偏光矿相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱分析等方法研究1993年垣曲商城出土的一块炉渣样品.该渣块含有砷铜合金颗粒、钴(镍铁)氧化物、钴的硅酸盐、含钴砷氧等物相.砷铜合金颗粒平均含砷7%～8%,有Cu2As和高银相及Cu2S相存在,砷铜合金颗粒周围有氧化亚铜和铜的硅酸盐等物相.能谱分析的结果显示含钴砷氧的物相中钴和砷的原子比为1:1,由此推断该物相为钴的砷酸或亚砷酸盐(CoAsO4或CoAsO3).渣块中的钴(镍铁)氧化物、钴的硅酸盐则是由完全脱去砷的钴氧化及氧化后造渣而形成.因此这一渣块应是使用砷钴(镍)矿物点炼砷铜合金的残留物,代表着一种人工添加含砷矿物配制砷铜合金技术的存在.A slag nugget unearthed from the Shang Dynasty City Site in Yuanqu, Shanxi of China in 1993 is investigated by polarized light microscopic analysis and SEM analysis. The slag contains Cu-As alloy prills, copper oxide and silicate, cobalt （nickel） oxide, cobalt silicate and arsenite. The As content in the alloy prills is 7%-8% in average and there are Cu2As, Cu2S and high Ag phase in the slag, and Cu2O or copper silicate around the alloy prills. It is concluded that the Co-As-O phase is CoAsO4 or CoAsO3 from the SEM analysis result of 1：1 for Co to As in molar ratio. The cobalt（nickel and iron） oxide, and cobalt silicate in the slag are from the arsenic elimination of cobalt compounds by completely oxidization and consequently slagging process. The slag is the residual of arsenic copper alloy smelting with As-Co（Ni） minerals, and indicates the existence of arsenic copper alloy smelting technology by purposely adding As-contained minerals in the melting operation.

关 键 词：冶金史 砷铜 冶金考古 炉渣 垣曲商城 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K878.5[历史地理—历史学]