不同干扰条件下荒漠啮齿动物生态位特征  

Niche characteristics of rodents by diverse disturbance in Alashan Desert,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：付和平[1] 武晓东[1] 杨泽龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第10期2637-2643,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30160019)~~

摘　　要：2002和2003年的4、7、10月份在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区设开垦区、轮牧区、过牧区和禁牧区4个不同类型的干扰区,每个干扰区布设4个固定样方,对荒漠啮齿动物的空间生态位及其季节特征进行了研究。结果表明:五趾跳鼠和子午沙鼠的空间生态位宽度指数最高,分别为0.925和0.908;短尾仓鼠、小毛足鼠和草原黄鼠的次之,分别为0.789、0.782和0.711;五趾心颅跳鼠的最低,为0.003。草原黄鼠与小毛足鼠等6个种对的空间生态位重叠指数最高,均大于0.9,接近于1,生态位几乎完全重叠。长爪沙鼠与五趾心颅跳鼠、三趾心颅跳鼠的空间生态位重叠指数均为0,不存在资源利用竞争。在荒漠生境中,啮齿动物不仅对不同干扰条件的适应性较强,而且对资源利用存在较大程度的趋同性。在不同干扰条件下荒漠啮齿动物的生态位宽度会随着不同季节的变化出现明显的改变。同样,生态位重叠和生态位分化随着不同生态季节的变化也会发生明显的改变,春、秋季的生态位重叠程度低,分化程度高,秋季较春季略强;夏季的生态位重叠程度高,而分化程度低。Four diverse disturbance types were identified in the Alashan desert region of Inner Mongolia. They were= Ⅰ. Farmland; Ⅱ . Rotationally grazed grassland; Ⅲ. Overgrazed grassland; and Ⅳ. Forbidden grazing grassland. Rodents were sampled in April, July and October in 2002 and 2003 using the trap-day method. Their spatial and temporal niches among the four disturbance types were assessed using the Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index and the Pianka niche overlap index. The Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index was the highest for Allactaga sibirica and Meriones meridianus （0. 925 and 0. 908, respectively）, intermediate for Cricetulus eversmanni, Phodopus roborovskii and Citellus dauricus （0. 789, 0. 782 and 0. 711, respectively ）, and lowest for Cardiocranius paradoxus （0. 003）. The Pianka niche overlap indices of 6-paired species were highest and varied from 0. 900 to 1. 000, suggesting their spatial niche overlapped almost completely. Conversely, the spatial niche overlap index for Meriones unguiculatus, Cardiocranius paradoxus, and Salpingotus kozlovi was zero thus indicating a complete absence of competition among them. In addition, the temporal niche breadth and overlap indices varied greatly in relation to disturbance types and season. The level of temporal niche overlap in spring and autumn was low while in summer it was high. For all disturbance types and for each season, the temporal niche overlap index of Meriones meridianus and Cricetulus barabansis was always highest but for Meriones unguiculatus and Salpingotus kozlovi always lowest.

关 键 词：啮齿动物 生态位 生境 干扰 荒漠 阿拉善 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]