提高水体净化能力控制湖泊富营养化  

Controlling eutrophication by enhancing purification capacity in lakes

作　　者：濮培民[1] 李正魁[2] 王国祥[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [2]南京大学环境学院,南京210093 [3]南京师范大学地理科学院,南京210097

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第10期2757-2763,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院;江苏省科技局(BS90077);无锡市自来水公司和马山自来水厂;水利部太湖流域管理局;国家科技部;欧盟科技部(CII*-0094[DG12HSMU];香港理工大学;日本河北泻湖沼研究所;南京大学985一期工程;南京师范大学211工程和浙江大学环境资源学院等单位资助项目

摘　　要：建立了湖泊污染物质动力学方程,根据我国湖泊和美国Okeechobee湖资料,确定了控制藻类暴发的总磷阈值为0.035mg/L,总氮阈值为0.350mg/L(滇池)和1.050mg/L(太湖);用实测资料,计算得到需要削减的外污染源滇池为总磷、总氮各78%,太湖为总磷69%、总氮56%.提出通过提高水体净化能力可以控制湖泊富营养化的理论依据和如下技术路线:提高湖泊净化率,使其超过输入的污染率,在湖内实现浓度低于控制藻类水华暴发所需要的磷、氮阈值;因地制宜综合运用到太湖、巢湖、滇池等一类大、中型湖泊,加强管理,就可以在占湖泊7%(滇池)和4%(太湖)的湖面上,依托科学布设控制其生长的凤眼莲,将其规模化地加工为有益产品,从而有效地去除湖泊中的营养盐,将水体综合净化率比现有净化率在滇池提高4.6倍,在太湖提高2.1倍,实现控制湖泊富营养化目标,并同步地在约3～4倍相应面积上修复健康水生态系统.To determine the potential for controlling eutrophication in lakes by controlling external pollutant loadings and through in-lake interventions, a dynamic model for total phosphorus （TP） and total nitrogen （TN） was derived. Based on data of Chinese lakes and of L. Okeechobee in the USA the threshold concentrations, i.e. concentrations above which algae blooms are formed, were determined as 0. 035 mg/L for TP for both lakes and 0.35 mg/L for TN in Dianchi Lake and 1. 050 mg/L for TN in Taihu Lake. According to the observed data the percentages of TP and TN loading that exceed the volume for maintaining the concentration in the lake that is lower these thresholds and therefore would require nutrient control to prevent algae blooms are 78% （both for TP and TN） for Dianchi Lake in 1995, and 69 % for TP and 56 % for TN for Taihu Lake in 1987 - 1988. However, the financial requirements for construction of wastewater treatment plants and sewer collection networks, and for reducing non-point source nutrient loadings from agriculture are immense and the timespan required to achieve beneficial results in the receiving lake in a catchment as large as Taihu, Chaohu and Dianchi lakes, is very long. Furthermore, the benefits are unlikely to extend to the entire lake for a very long period of time, if ever, for middle to largesized lakes. It is unrealistic to consider reduction of nutrient loadings to historical, natural levels to achieve natural remediation to a healthy aquatic state. Also, the nutrient loading contained in the lake sediments is immense and not amenable to technical solutions such as dredging, or chemical treatment to permanently lock the nutrients in the sediments. Therefore, this paper proposes a bio-engineering approach to eutrophication management which uses a variety of in-situ techniques which enhance the self-purification capacity of the lake. The purification capacity in a water body can be cost-effectively enhanced to the level at which the nutrient concentrations are lower than the thresh

关 键 词：物理生态工程 固定化氮循环细菌 水体净化能力 修复健康水生态系统 太湖 滇池 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]