减压性血管内气泡状态与微循环状态的关系  

Relationship between the State of Intravascular Bubbles and Microcirculation System.

作　　者：袁锦富[1] 潘令松[1] 王铨[1] 冀仲义[1] 高隽[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军医学研究所

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》1996年第4期276-280,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：为探讨气泡不能栓塞血管和血管内气泡状态取决于循环系统功能的证据，对３５只豚鼠加压，在压缩空气环境，分别暴露２５～１５０ｍｉｎ，然后减至常压后，对存活的３３只动物的球结膜耳背和下肢皮下血管显微观察。结果１００％动物的耳背、皮下动、静脉中和１６只动物球结膜或虹膜动脉中观察到数目不等、形态各异、大小不一、甚至充满血管的气泡。气泡的流向、流速、流态与血液一致，可逆流、摆流、缓流。气泡快速流动时无形态感，流至血管分支处易破碎分流。痉挛闭锁动脉近心端和血液停滞时，其内气泡呈静止状态。血压可使气泡扩张闭锁的血管并向前推移。血管内气泡总是随血管功能恢复呈易流动的规律。实验揭示：血管内任何大小的气泡，在血流、血压的作用下都易变形通过各种管径的血管随血流循环，只有当血管痉挛闭锁或血管内血液停滞时，其内气泡才呈静止状态，但不是栓塞血管的状态。To confirm the hypothesis that air bubbles were unable to block the blood vessels and that the state of the intravascular bubbles was determined by the function of the circulatory system,35 guinea pigs were pressurized then were decompressed to normal pressure.Microscopic observation was made of the bulbar conjunctival,dorsum auricular and subcutaneous vessels in 33 surviving animals .Air bubbles of different amounts,sizes and shapes were found in the dorsum auricular and subcutaneous vein of all the amimals and in the bulbar conjunctival oriridal artery of 16 animals,and in some cases the vessels were even filled with bubbles.The bubbles ran in the same direction and at the same speed as the blood flow.They could run in a backward,to-and-fro or sluggish flow.The bubbles looked shapeless and tended to break and divided into branch flows where the vessel branches.The bubbles were motionless at the proximal end of the artery occluded due to spasm or when the blood was stagnated.Under the action of the blood pressure the bubbles could expand the vessel and push forward.The bubbles showed a tendency of flowing with ease with the function of the vessel recovered.The results suggest that bubbles of any size in the vessel could easily change their shape under the action of the blood flow and pressure,and pass through vessels of any diameter and circulate with the blood.Only when a vessel was occluded due to spasm or the blood in a vessel was stagnated could the bubbles be motionless,but it was not that the bubbles blocked the vessel.

关 键 词：血管系统 减压病 空气栓塞 微循环 

分 类 号：R845.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R852.16[医药卫生—临床医学]