草地坡面径流调控放水试验研究  

Study on Scouring Experiment of Regulating Runoff in Grassland Slope

作　　者：冯浩[1] 吴淑芳[1] 吴普特[1] 李敏 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术中心,陕西杨陵712100 [2]杨凌区水利局,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2005年第6期23-25,109,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目"新型高效雨水集蓄与利用技术研究"(2002AA2Z4051)

摘　　要：通过坡面放水模拟径流冲刷试验,研究了不同放水流量下草地减水减沙效应,并从起流历时、径流流速、径流深度等方面分析了草地调控水沙的机理。结果表明:(1)草地具有显著的减水减沙效应,平均径流系数较对照减少28.3%,输沙率较对照减少78.4%。(2)裸地与草地坡面产流规律一致,裸地土壤坡面的输沙率呈先增后减再增的变化趋势,而草地坡面的输沙率呈先增后减然后逐渐趋于稳定。(3)草地能将坡面径流起流历时推迟3倍以上,可将径流流速减小40%,从而使草地坡面的径流入渗率明显增加,使径流的冲刷能力和输沙能力迅速下降。(4)草地对径流深度的影响不明显,径流深度的变化难以反映草地对径流的调控作用,径流流速可能会更好地反映水土保持措施的径流调控效果和能力。The effect of forage grass on runoff and sediment reductions was studied by using different flows scouring experiment, and analyzed mechanism of regulating runoff in slope from the duration of producing runoff, velocity and depth of runoff. The results showed that： （1） The grass slope had significant effect of decreasing runoff and sediment yield, which, compared with the control, runoff coefficient and sediment yield rate decreased 28.3 % and 78.4%, respectively. （2） The generation process of runoff in grass and without grass slope has a similar rule. The process of sediment yield rate in the slope without grass took on the trend of high- low -high, however, for the grass slopes, having a trend of increasing initially and finally apt to steady. （3）Moreover, compared withthe control, time of put off producing runoff in the grass slope is three times of the slope without grass and velocity of runoff decreased 40 %, which led to the increase of infiltration rate and the decrease of ability of runoff scouring and sediment yield in grass slopes. （4） The influence of grassland to runoff depth in slope is not apparent, and the variety of runoff depth is difficult to reflect the action of grass to runoff regulation. However, runoff velocity can be more reflecting the effect of grass on soil and water conservation and runoff regulation.

关 键 词：草地 放水冲刷 减水减沙 径流调控 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]