摇蚊乙酰胆碱酯酶最佳反应体系的建立及有机磷类药剂敏感度比较  

Establishment of optimization of assaying activity of acetylcholinesterase from Chironomus kiiensis and their sensitivity to organophosphate insecticides

作　　者：刘洪霞[1] 史雪岩[1] 高希武[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学昆虫系,北京100094

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2005年第5期67-70,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：花翅摇蚊(Chironomus kiiensis)是一种重要的水生昆虫,经常用于水体环境质量的生物学评价。用正交试验方法研究了酶浓度、底物浓度、反应体系pH值、反应温度、反应时间5个因素对花翅摇蚊(Chironomus kiiensis)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性测定的影响。通过对正交试验结果进行极差和方差分析,明确了测定摇蚊AChE活性的最适反应条件是酶浓度为5头/mL、底物浓度为6 mmol/L、pH值为8.0、温度为35℃、反应时间为10 min。DDVP、马拉硫磷和甲胺磷对花翅摇蚊的LC50值分别为8.93 mg/L、16.74 mg/L和47.65 mg/L。利用正交试验得到的反应最适条件进一步研究了花翅摇蚊接触上述3种药剂亚致死剂量后对其体内AChE活性的影响。结果表明,无论是时间效应还是剂量效应,3种药剂对花翅摇蚊幼虫体内AChE影响的趋势与生物测定结果是一致的,其对花翅摇蚊幼虫体内AChE的抑制能力依次为DDVP、马拉硫磷和甲胺磷。The paper aims to present the authors＇ research on the optimal reaction conditions of an important aquatic insect, Chironomus kiiensis to the quality of water body. In our research, we have used the method of orthogonal matrix method and have taken five factors for our experiment, that is, the optimal concentrations of acetylcholinesterase and substrate, pH and temperature of the reaction system, and reaction time of assaying the acetylcholinesterase activity from Chironomus kiiensis. Analyzing the data from orthogonal projects with range and ANVOA testing, we have found that the optimal conditions are 5 Chironomids/mL, 6 mmol/L substrate, pH 8.0, 35℃, 10 minute. And, then, the toxicities of DDVP, mathamidophos and malathion to Chironomus kiiensis were determined with the values of LC50 detected to be 8.93 mg/L, 47.65 mg/L, and 16.7 mg/L, respectively. As a result, it is found that the inhibiting effect of acetylcholinesterase from Chironomus kiiensis is in vivo investigated at 24 hour after being treated with 10 mg/L of the above three insecticides in culture water. The inhibiting tendencies of the acetylcholinesterase are in vivo consistent with the values of LC50 among the DDVP, mathamidophos and malathion. The order of acetylcholinesterase sensitivity to these three organophosphate insecticides nroves to be DDVP 〉 malathion 〉 methamidonhos.

关 键 词：昆虫毒理学 花翅摇蚊 乙酰胆碱酯酶 正交试验 有机磷杀虫药剂 

分 类 号：X503.223[环境科学与工程—环境工程]