油气地球化学的若干展望  

PROSPECTION OF PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY

作　　者：张义纲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏无锡214151

出　　处：《石油实验地质》2005年第5期484-489,501,共7页Petroleum Geology & Experiment

摘　　要：回顾了近年来成烃和成藏地球化学的一些进展,包括:生物标记化合物、正构烷和异构烷的碳数分布、碳同位素分布等生源识别技术;烃源岩是煤层还是煤系泥岩、是碳酸盐岩还是碳酸盐岩层系中的泥岩、琥珀在中东油田中的出现及其意义;应用多组分荧光变化技术和芳烃环数分布技术识别有机质成熟度;应用加氢催化热解方法提取沥青和焦沥青中的生源信息;在封闭系统中的深部地层成烃条件;中国元古界、特别是鄂尔多斯盆地元古界的成烃远景;成烃热模拟实验技术的新思路;判断油气运移聚集的时间及其温度压力条件的技术;未熟低熟油可能先运移后成油的机制;油气运移聚集的模拟实验研究;油气运移的前移标记物和滞后标记物;以及地表地球化学勘探的难点技术,即提高信噪比和复原被扭曲投影的技术。It is reviewed in this article the progress of petroleum geochemistry in hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, including： discerning technology of hydrocarbon precursors using biomarkers and carbon number distribution of alkanes, as well as the isotopic composition of alkanes; whether source rock is coal bed or mudstone in coal sequence, carbonate or mudstone in carbonate sequence; significance of amber in the Middle East oil fields; determination of maturity with FAMM technology and ring number distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons; catalytic hydrocracking technology of asphaltene and pyrobitumen for discerning their precursors; oil preservation in deep buried horizons within closed system; Proterozoic petroleum prospect in China, especially in the Ordos Basin; new idea for thermal simulation experiment of hydro-carbon generation; determination of time, temperature and pressure circumstance of petroleum migration and accu-mulation; possible mechanism of migration and accumulation of immature oils; simulation experiment of petroleum migration and accumulation; moving-ahead markers and lagging-behind markers for petroleum migration; and at last difficulties of petroleum geochemistry exploration on earth surface, i. e. the technology for enhancing signal versus noise ratio and reconstructing heavily tortured surface projection.

关 键 词：成烃地球化学 成藏地球化学 地球化学勘探 

分 类 号：P59[天文地球—地球化学]