滇西北亚高山退化森林生态系统及其恢复途径——“近自然林业”理论及方法  

Restoration Approach of Sub-Alpine Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest Yunnan——"Close to Nature Forestry" Theory and Methods

作　　者：张劲峰[1] 周鸿[1] 耿云芬[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学,云南昆明650091 [2]云南省林业科学院,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2005年第5期33-37,共5页Forest Resources Management

基　　金：国家科技部十五科技攻关资助项目"三江流域生态环境功能区建设关键技术开发与示范"(2002BA901A42);云南省科技厅十五科技攻关资助项目"滇西北亚高山退化林地植被恢复与重建技术研究与示范"(2003NG14)

摘　　要：滇西北的森林生态系统由于自然和人为因素,超过一半的森林生态系统受到不同程度的干扰并退化为石漠化裸地、荒草坡、疏林灌丛地、干扰迹地和次生林地,使系统的结构改变、功能降低、内部环境恶化,物种间平衡关系破裂。针对传统的退化森林生态系统恢复中存在的造林树种单一、模式单一、缺乏景观观念、自由放牧等问题,提出采用“近自然林业”理论和方法,通过确定恢复策略,采用乡土树种,发展混交林,早期抚育目的树种,天然更新,对林地进行针对性管理等技术手段,以实现滇西北亚高山退化生态系统的恢复。More than half of the forest ecosystem in northwest Yunnan, caused by disturbance in various degree from nature and human activities, has been degraded into barren and rock desert, grassland, shrubby forest, slash area, burned area and inferior secondary forest, which lead to serious impacts on the system＇s elements, structure, functions, interior environment and interaction of species. Aiming at solving the problems of conventional methods in regeneration of degraded ecosystem, e.g. singularity of tree species, simple reforestation pattern, lack of landscaping intention and free gazing, the concept of “close to nature forest” is strongly recommended to achieve the restoration of degraded alpine ecosystem in northwest Yunnan by formulating restoration strategy, applying native species, developing mixed forest, early tending of target species, encouraging natural regeneration and appropriate management of forest land.

关 键 词：亚高山 退化生态系统 恢复 近自然林业 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学] F326.25[经济管理—产业经济]