1930年代的北平城市污物管理改革  

The Reform of Waste Disposal Management in Beiping City in the 1930’s

作　　者：杜丽红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史人类学中心,博士后广州510275

出　　处：《近代史研究》2005年第5期90-113,共24页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：1930年代,北平城市污物管理混乱,问题丛生。粪夫被冠以“粪阀”之名,其勒索霸道行径给市民的日常生活带来诸多不便,双方关系恶劣。此外,简陋的粪具导致污秽淋漓、臭气四溢,严重影响到市容。为解决上述问题,卫生部门最初采取了若干措施整顿污物处理,但效果不彰。为彻底解决问题,市政当局又拟将之收归市办,由于事关行业的经济利益及相当数量粪夫的生计,受到粪商及粪工的联合抵制,计划未能实施。此后,政府改变策略,实行官商合办,历时2年9个月勉力完成粪道登记和粪具更换,改革初见成效。During the 1930’s, the management of waste disposal in Beiping was chaotic and plagued with problems. Night soil collectors were known as “night soil despots”, their extortionary and domineering actions brought much inconvenience to the daily lives of citizens, and relations between the two groups were bad. Aside from this, the poor quality of night soil collection equipment resulted in filth being spread all about and a pervasive stench, which seriously affected the city’s image. To solve this problem, the sanitation authorities first took a number of measures to reorganize waste management, but they were ineffective. Searching for a thorough solution, the municipal authorities proposed that the city take over waste disposal. But because this would have an effect on the night soil collection industry’s profits and on the livelihoods of a large number of night soil collectors, the plan encountered resistance from both the night soil merchants and the night soil collectors, and could not be put into effect. Afterwards, the city changed its policy and implemented a cooperative public-private system [an officially supervised private industry]. After two years and nine months of effort, the reform began to show its first results when the authorities managed to complete the registration of night soil collection routes and the replacement of night soil collecting equipment.

关 键 词：1930年 城市污物管理改革 粪厂 行政管理 中国 

分 类 号：K264[历史地理—历史学] K291[历史地理—中国史]