闪电放电特征和雷暴电荷结构研究  

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHTNING DISCHARGES AND THE ELECTRIC STRUCTURE OF THUNDERSTORM

作　　者：郄秀书[1] 张义军[2] 张其林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象学报》2005年第5期646-658,共13页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40135010;49975003;40325013);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SW-04;KZCX2-201)

摘　　要：文章综述了近10年来对闪电物理过程和雷暴电荷结构等方面的主要研究进展。利用自行研制的高时间分辨率新型闪电探测和定位技术,获得中国不同地区的闪电特征及放电参数,组织首次青藏高原综合闪电观测实验,揭示高原雷暴及其闪电活动的特殊性,并利用数值模式探讨其成因;将原子结构理论应用于闪电光谱研究,并进行闪电光谱的实验观测和理论研究,获得可见光频段的闪电光谱记录;完善空中人工引发闪电技术,解决近距离严酷电磁环境条件下闪电的光、电信号测量技术,寻找闪电双向先导传输的光学和甚高频辐射证据,并利用人工引发闪电技术对防雷设施进行试验研究;另外,在闪电与天气、气候关系的研究方面也进行了初步探讨。The recent progresses in the study of the physical processes of lightning discharge and electric structure of thunderstorm in the last decade were reviewed. By using the self-developed lightning detecting and locating technology with the high time resolutions, the characteristics and parameters of the lightning discharges in different areas were obtained. The observation experiments on the lightning activity was conducted in Qinghai-Tibet plateau for the first time. The special characteristics of the thunderstorm and lightning activity were revealed and their cause of formation were studied by using the numerical simulation. The theory of atomic structure was introduced into the study of lightning spectrum, and the lightning spectrum in the bandwidth of visible light was recorded and identified. The technology of artificially triggered lightning wan altitude was developed and the measuring technologies of the optical and electric signal under the condition of rigorous electromagnetism were resolved. The results observed show the optical and VHF radiation evidence of bi-directional leader propagation. The experiments of lightning protection were conducted by means of the artificially triggered lightning. In addition, the relationship between lightning and weather and climate were studied preliminarly.

关 键 词：闪电 放电特征 雷暴电荷结构 放电参数 数值模式 原子结构理论 

分 类 号：P427.321[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]