营养液膜技术栽培牧草净化循环流水水产养殖废水的试验  

Utilization of nutrient film technology grass to treat wastewater from a recirculating aquaculture system

作　　者：泮进明[1] 应义斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《水产学报》2005年第5期695-699,共5页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(39570586);浙江省科技厅重点科研社会发展项目(2005C23065)

摘　　要：为研究植物生态净化技术集成至循环流水水产养殖系统的可行性,构建了4个(4重复)3.0m×0.5m×0.05m(长×宽×高)的植物滤器处理淡水白鲳(Colossoma brachypomum)高密度养殖废水。每个植物滤器生长0.8m2NFT(营养液膜技术)培多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenneL.)。废水每周更换一次,每次25.4L,连续运行40d。7d循环灌溉处理后,NO3--N、TN、TP、COD的去除率分别达96.1%、86.2%、90.5%、88.7%,pH从6.4升高至8.4,而水体积只消耗29.7%。除UIA由于pH升高而超标外,所有水质指标均符合渔业水质标准。牧草日增长仅2.3mm,显著低于用商品营养液培育的牧草生长速度(日增长13.2mm)。鲜草TAN和NO3--N含量分别为107.9和42.5μg.g-1,试验结束时收获鲜草582.9g.m-2,烘干后得到干草102.5g.m-2,干湿比0.176。结果表明,植物滤器能解决生物滤器引起的N、P、COD累积以及pH下降等问题,是一种环境友好的水处理方法。为使牧草良好生长,建议定期将牧草返回培育系统用商品营养液培养一段时间。To investigate the feasibility of applying plant eco-filtration method in recirculating aquaculture systems, four 3.0 m×0.5 m×0.05 m （L × W × H） plant filters were used to provide 4 replicates for treatment of wastewater from a Colossoma brachypomum intensive system. 0.8m^2 NFT （nutrient film technology） Lolium perenne was planted on each filter. Wastewater was loaded at a rate of 25.4 liter per week for an investigation of 40 day. After a recirculating irrigation of 7 days, the plant filer removed 96.1% of nitrate nitrogen, 86.2% of total nitrogen, 90.5% of total phosphorus, and 88.7% of COD, respectively, pH was raised from 6.4 to 8.4 and only 29.7 % of water was used. All parameters conformed to qualifications of China water quality standard for fisheries except unionized ammonia nitrogen as a result of high pH. The grass height increased at a rate of 2.3 mm·d^-1, significantly slower than that irrigated with commercial nutrient solution with a growth of 13.2mm·d^-1. Total ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentration of the fresh grass leaves were 107.9 and 42.5μg·g^-1, respectively. At the end of this experiment, 582.9 g·m^-2 fresh grass was produced and then was turned over to 102.5 g·m^-2 dry mass with a dry weight to fresh weight ratio of 0.176. It can be concluded that the plant filter is an environment-friendly way to solve accumulation of N, P, and COD, and descent of pH in recirculating aquaculture systems. With a view to healthy growth of grass, it＇s recommended that grass in plant filters should be periodically returned to breeding systems for a certain term irrigation of commercial nutrient solutions.

关 键 词：循环流水水产养殖废水处理 营养液膜技术 黑麦草 植物滤器 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖]