不同冬小麦品种对氮肥反应敏感性研究  

Responding Sensitivities of Different Wheat Varieties to Nitrogen Fertilizers

作　　者：刘毅[1] 李东方[2] 李世清[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2005年第10期1983-1991,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30230230);2002年度教育部全国优秀青年教师资助项目(20022096);国家杰出青年基金(40025106);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金(10501-104)资助

摘　　要：以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤进行盆栽试验,在不同施氮水平条件下,以NR 9405、9430、偃师9号、小偃6号、陕229、西农2208、矮丰3号等7个冬小麦品种为材料,研究不同品种冬小麦对氮肥反应敏感性。结果表明:7个品种中,9430、西农2208、偃师9号和NR 9405属于氮肥较敏感品种,小偃6号和矮丰3号属于氮肥敏感性较差品种,陕229居中。小偃6号对氮肥的反应敏感性最差,属于典型的对氮肥反应不敏感型品种。根据对不同品种干物质转移量、干物质转移效率和转移干物质对籽粒贡献率的分析,将供试品种分为两类:一类是在生长后期(开花至成熟)主要靠同化产物的继续大量形成和转移而影响籽粒产量,可称为“后期同化累积型”;另一类在生长后期则主要靠开花前干物质的转移而影响产量,可称为“后期物质转移型”。偃师9号、西农2208和9430属于比较典型的“后期同化累积型”,而小偃6号属于比较典型的“后期物质转移型”。将不同品种地上部分干物质、氮素累积对氮肥反应的敏感性对比分析后发现,“后期同化累积型”品种对氮肥反应相对敏感,“后期物质转移型”对氮肥反应的敏感性差,这种差异性可能与“后期同化累积型”在生长后期仍需继续从介质中吸收大量氮素,以满足同化需要,而“后期物质转移型”在生育后期主要靠花前吸收氮素转移和再分配以满足花后同化需要,从介质中吸收的氮素有限有关。Seven wheat varieties, NR9405, 9430, Yanshi 9, Xiaoyan 6, Shaan 229, Xinong 2208 and Aifeng 3 were planted in the potsfilled with Eum-orthic anthrosols soil for studying the responding sensitivities of different wheat varieties to nitrogen fertilizers. The results revealed that of the seven varieties,9430, Xinong 2208,Yanshi 9 and NR9405 were highly sensitive varieties to nitrogen fertilizers, Xiaoyan 6 and Aifeng 3 were poorly sensitive varieties,and Shaan 229 was a moderately sensitive variety.Xiaoyan 6 presented the poorest sensitivity to nitrogen fertilizers thereby being one typical variety of poor sensitivity.In terms of their dry matter transport and dry matter transport efficiencies and the contribution rates of their transported dry matters to their kernels. The test varieties were divided into two groups of which,one whose kernel yields mainly depended on the large amount of the assimilates it continue to form and transport at the late stage of growth （bentween flowering and maturity） and thus was called the ＂type of the assimilation and accumulation of dry matter at the late stage＂,and the other whose kernel yields mainly depended on the transport of the dry matter it formed and and accumulated before flowering and hence was named “the type of dry matter transport at the late stage of growth”.Yanshi 9, Xinong 2208, and 9430 typically belonged to“the type of the assimilation and accumulation of dry matter at the late stage”and Xiaoyan 6 typically belonged to“the type of dry matter transport at the late stage of growth”. With the sensitivities of the aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulations of the different varieties to nitrogen fertilizers compared, the varieties of “the type of the assimilation and accumulation of dry matter at the late stage” were found more sensitive to nitrogen fertilizers and the one of “the type of dry matter transport at the late stage of growth”were found less sensitive to nitrogen fertlhzers;and the differences betweenthe varieties of the

关 键 词：冬小麦 品种 干物质 氮素营养 

分 类 号：Q945.15[生物学—植物学] S512.11[农业科学—作物学]