海南省贫困地区新生儿乙肝疫苗应用效果评价  

Evaluation of the effect in application of hepatitis B vaccine in the newborns in poor area of Hainan Province.

作　　者：曾昭长[1] 孙莲英[1] 王春雷[1] 符振旺[1] 朱坚[1] 马焱[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2005年第7期1429-1431,共3页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的评价在贫困地区开展新生儿乙肝疫苗应用模式的应用效果. 方法实施项目的市县采取组群抽样(PPS)方法,抽查12～24月龄儿童乙肝疫苗接种率,同时采集未梢血用胶体金乙肝表面抗原试剂条检测HBsAg,采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测HBsAb.结果项目地区共抽查儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率为89.0%,首针及时接种率为64.9%,抗-HBs阳转率为79.3%,保护率为100%,儿童HBsAg携带率为1.3%;住院分娩儿童全程接种率和第一针及时接种率明显高于在家分娩儿童,差异有显著性,两者HBsAb阳转率和HBsAg携带率无显著性差异;医院接种儿童HBsAb阳转率高于在家接种儿童,两者有显著性差异;全程接种儿童与未全程接种儿童间HBsAb阳转率差异无显著性.城镇与农村儿童、少数民族与汉族儿童间接种率、HBsAg携带率和HBsAb阳转率均无显著性差异.结论贫困地区新生儿推广应用乙肝疫苗,有效地提高了接种率,降低了HBsAg携带率,乙肝疫苗对不同的人群有同等的免疫保护效果.如何提高在家分娩儿童首针及时接种率是亟待研究解决的问题.Objective To evaluate the effect of new delivering - model of hepatitis B vaccine in poor area of Hainan Province. Methods The PPS sampling method was applied to investigated the target children＇s coverage of hepatitis B vaccine who was 12 - 24 - month - old ; collected the blood samples to determine HBsAg and HBsAb by the HBsAg rapid inspection test and ELISA method respectively. Results The result showed that the full - dose immunization coverage and the timeliness coverage of birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine were 89.0% and 64.9%, the newborns＇ carrying- rate of HBsAg had decreased from 9.4% to 1.3%, they show significant difference respectively comparing with before（X^2 = 148.68, P 〈 0.01; ;（2 = 150.15, P 〈 0.01; 5（2 = 15,75, P 〈 0,01 ）. The Anti - HBs positive - rate was 79.3 %, and the children who delivered the Hepatitis B Vaccine in hospital were higher than that at home, having a significant difference （;（2 = 5.29, 0.01 〈 P 〈 0.05）. The the protecting - rate was 100%.Conclusion The new delivering - model of hepatitis B vaccine can improve the newborn＇ s full - dose coverage and timeliness coverage of birth dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine in poor area greatly. Most of the children who received the hepatitis B vaccine under good protection.

关 键 词：贫困地区 新生儿 乙型肝炎疫苗 应用效果 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]