纳米阳离子多聚物在基因载体系统的应用  

Application of Poly-cation Nanopaticles on Gene Delivery System

作　　者：郭毅[1] 张爽男[1] 康春生[1] 常津[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学材料科学与工程学院纳米生物技术研究所,天津300072

出　　处：《高分子通报》2005年第5期142-146,共5页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50373033);天津市应用基础研究重点基金(05YFJZJC01001)

摘　　要：阳离子多聚物能与DNA通过静电吸附作用而自组装成纳米微粒,防止DNA被核酸酶降解。阳离子多聚物由于具备合成简便、储存稳定、基因荷载率高、靶向性强、免疫原性低等优点而被用作基因载体。阳离子多聚物按特性可分为两类:合成型和天然型。经典的人工合成型阳离子多聚物基因载体主要有:多聚乙烯亚胺、多聚左旋赖氨酸和树状大分子等;天然生物型阳离子多聚物基因载体主要有壳聚糖及其衍生物和明胶等。本文详细论述了各种阳离子聚合物用作基因载体的性能特点、自身缺陷、介导基因进入细胞的机理和靶向性策略,并对非病毒基因载体的发展作出展望。Polycations can condense with DNA by self-assembly, form polyplexes nanoparticles spontaneously as a result of electrostatic interactions and protect DNA from degradation by DNase. They have great advantages used for gene delivery such as ease of synthesis, cell/tissue targeting, low immune response, Stableness in storage, and unrestricted plasmid size. Polycations as non-viral gene vectors can be divided into two types： synthetic polycations such as PEI, PLL, and PAMAM; and natural polycations such as chitosan, its derivative and gelatin. So development on polyplexes nanoparticles used as controlled gene delivery systems are discussed with emphasis on mechanism of polycation-mediated cell entry and targeting strategies of polycations, also several polyplexes are evaluated with respect to their characters and transfection efficiency, at last it can conclude that nontoxic natural gene vectors should be the focus of studies in the future.

关 键 词：聚阳离子载体 纳米微粒 基因治疗 多聚复合体 阳离子聚合物 基因载体 纳米微粒 多聚物 载体系统 应用 静电吸附作用 聚乙烯亚胺 树状大分子 

分 类 号：TQ460.1[化学工程—制药化工]