唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川平衡线高度附近的能量平衡  

Energy Budget at ELA on Dongkemadi Glacier in the Tonggula Mts. Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：张寅生[1] 姚檀栋[1] 萍健辰 大火田哲夫 矢吹裕伯 藤田耕史[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所 [2]名古屋大学大气与水圈科学研究所

出　　处：《冰川冻土》1996年第1期10-19,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

摘　　要：本文以连续的、至少一年的观测资料，分析青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川平衡线高度处的辐射平衡及能量平衡特征。冰川表面独特的下垫面性质，使其净辐射值全年有５个月左右为负；潜热交换量基本与净辐射成反向的季节变化；感热交换全年均为正值而成为该冰川表面主要热源之一；传导热交换量对能量平衡的贡献很小。该冰川表面的能量交换水平季节变化明显，冰川表面气温季节变化与净辐射关系密切。冰川表面气温对总辐射通量变化的敏感性系数与其反射率及吸收辐射通量关系密切。Dongkemadi Glacier is located in the middle of Tanggula Mts., Tibetan Plateau, 33°02′ N, 90°02′ E, where the equilibrium line altitude is near 5 600 m a.s.l.. The solar radiation budget and energy balance were anlysed based on a long time series observation in an automatic station setted on the ELA of the glacier. At the observing point, the annaul mean air temperature is -9 8 ℃, the annual mean air vapour pressure is 2.6 hpa, and the annual wind speed is 4.3 m/s. The annual amount of global radiation that reach on the surface of the glacier is about 7 300 MJ/m 2, but only 1/4 of that is absorbed by the glacier. The net radiation is positive from April to October but negative for the rest. The latent heat flux has an opsite direction seasonal variation with net radiation. The sensible heat flux is poxitive for all seasons so that it is an important energy source for the glacier surface. The melting heat occurs from May to September but has less contribution to heat balance comparing with latent heat. The conductive heat flux is few in energy budget on the glacier surface. Both the energy exchanging level and the energy exchanging coefficient are large in summer and winter. There is a good relationship between the air temperature above the glacier and net radiation. The sensitivity coefficient of air temperature above the glacier to variation of global radiation is related well with albedo and absorbed radiation.

关 键 词：唐古拉山 冰川 平衡线 高度 能量平衡 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]