植物细胞壁扩展蛋白(Expansins)研究进展  

Studying Progress of Plant Cell Wall Proteins Expansins

作　　者：童斌[1] 饶景萍[1] 任小林[1] 李嘉瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2005年第9期112-115,120,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170662);西北农林科技大学科研专项(63607B)资助

摘　　要：Expansins(EXP)是一类植物细胞壁蛋白,它能诱导分离细胞壁的延伸生长及依赖pH调节的细胞扩展生长。在生长的组织中,细胞壁若要打破约束而扩展体积,必须取决于胞壁的生物合成与维持结构完整性及强度的壁松弛协调机制。Expansins的生物学作用是多样化的。它参与了细胞增大,果实软化,花粉管及根系生长以及植物细胞衰老等过程。现已发现两大类expansins基因家族,称之为α-expansin和β-expansin,它们都是由多基因家族组成。本文对EXP的发现,基因家族分类及其在植物发育、生长及衰老各阶段的生理作用机制等研究进展进行了综述;并对EXP的应用前景给予一定阐述。Expansins are plant cell wall proteins that have the capacity to induce extension in isolated cell walls and are thought to mediate pH-dependent cell expansion. In growing tissues the cell wall acts to restrict increases in cell volume, and so controlled turgor-driven cell expansion relies on the coordination of cell wall loosening with wall biosynthesis and assembly to maintain structural integrity and strength. The biological roles of expansins are diverse, but can be related to the action of expansins to loosen cell walls, for example during cell enlargement, fruit softening, pollen tube and root hair growth, and abscission. Two families of expansin are known, named α-expansin and β-expansin, and they comprise large multigene families whose members show diverse organ-, tissue- and cell-specific expression patterns.

关 键 词：植物 细胞壁蛋白 扩展蛋白(Expansins) 生长发育 植物细胞壁 扩展 生理作用机制 延伸生长 细胞衰老 基因家族 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学] S565.101[农业科学—兽医学]