尼采、瓦格纳与纳粹文化的非理性主义  

The Irrationalism of Nietzsche、Wagner and Nazi Culture

作　　者：李平民[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院,上海200433

出　　处：《上海财经大学学报》2005年第5期56-64,共9页Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

摘　　要：纳粹文化最基本的特点是狂热崇尚暴力和强权,煽动极端种族主义和军国主义,盲目崇拜独裁者。纳粹文化根植于德意志文化中的非理性主义,尤其深受尼采的超人哲学和瓦格纳过分渲染激情和雅利安种族主义音乐的影响。尼采和瓦格纳都对当时颓废的自由主义持激烈的批判态度,渴望建立起一个全新的强力的思想文化体系以拯救德意志。由于尼采和瓦格纳的种族主义思想和其他过于极端的非理性思想被纳粹所利用,加之他们某些作品中的思想被纳粹歪曲来美化自己的罪行,以至于二人后来被染上“纳粹思想家”的污名,甚至被某些学者称之为法西斯文化的先驱。The most basic characteristic of Nazi culture is the madness about advocating violence and might, stirring up extreme racialism and militarism, and adoring dictator blindly. The Nazism ideological roots were based on numerous sources in German history, drawing especially from Romantic 19th Century idealism, and from a biological misreading of Friedrich Nietzsche＇s thoughts on “breeding upwards” toward the goal of an Superhuman. Hitler identified closely with the music of Richard Wagner whose most important operas, the Ring cycle, express Aryanist ideals, contain what some people interpret as anti-Semitic caricatures, and celebrate traditional Norse Aryan folklore and values. Both of Nietzsehe and Wagner were fiercely against the liberalist decadence of their time, and they hoped to set up a new powerful ideological culture system as a substitute to rescue the German. However, some of their ideology were so extreme that they were made use of by Nazis later, and Nazis distorted their thoughts in order to transfigure crimes and malfeasances. As a result, Nietzsche and Wagner were called “Nazi ideologists”, what is more, they were even called by some scholars as the forerunners of fascist culture.

关 键 词：尼采 权力意志 瓦格纳 种族主义 纳粹文化 非理性主义 

分 类 号：K516.44[历史地理—历史学]