林冠分配降雨过程模拟与模型　Ⅰ．常雨强下穿透降雨、树干径流和林冠截留模型  

THE SIMULATION AND MODEL OF RAINFALL PROCESS DISTRIBUTION IN FOREST CANOPY Ⅰ.The Models of Throughfall,Stemflow and Canopy Interception Under Constant Rainfall Intensity

作　　者：裴铁璠[1] 郑远长[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,中国科学院地理研究所

出　　处：《林业科学》1996年第1期1-10,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

摘　　要：应用系统论方法．从连续方程出发推演出次降雨通过林冠的穿透降雨、树干径流和林冠截留三个过程模型均为ｎ＋１阶常系数微分方程。用方程表述穿透降雨和树干径流过程，旨在揭示林冠分配降雨特征与动态规律。以穿透降雨为例，其模型模拟结果与实验比较，相对误差不超过２％，与野外观测比较，多次平均相对误差为６％。笔者发现次降雨通过林冠这一多孔介质的穿透降雨、树干径流过程与电学中Ｒ－Ｌ－Ｃ电路暂态过程的方程具有同一形式。According to continuty equation three process models of throughfall,stemflow and canopy interception were deduced with the method of system theory.These were constant coefficient differential equations of(n+1)th order.The processes of throughfall and stemflow were presented by the equation to describe the distribution feature and dynamic law.Relative errors between simulation results of model and experiment were lower than 2%,and between model and field observation lower than 6% by the example of throughfall.Writer found that the process equations of both throughfall and stemflow through forest canopy which is porous medium are the same type as equation of thansient course of R-L-C circuit in electricity.

关 键 词：林冠 分配降雨 模拟 模型 林冠截流 树干径流 

分 类 号：S715.2[农业科学—林学]