黄土高原森林草原区退耕地植被自然恢复与土壤养分变化  

Natural vegetation restoration and soil nutrient dynamics of abandoned farmlands in forest-steppe zone on Loess Plateau

作　　者：温仲明[1] 焦峰[1] 刘宝元[2] 卜耀军[1] 焦菊英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院-水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2005年第11期2025-2029,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40301029);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目(B22012900);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-421).

摘　　要：研究了黄土高原森林草原区退耕地植被自然恢复过程与土壤养分变化.结果表明,在显域生境下,植被自然演替过程虽然趋向于该区原有植物群落类型,但经过40～50年的时间,仍未形成灌丛或稀树等群落,分布较多的仍是长芒草、铁杆蒿、白羊草、大针茅和达乌里胡枝子等群落类型.从植被恢复时间对土壤养分变化的影响来看,除全P外(P＞0.05),有机质、全N、速效氮、速效钾的变化极显著(P＜0.001),速效磷变化较显著(0.05＜P＜0.01),并随植被恢复时间的延长而呈增加趋势.除恢复时间外,养分含量变化也随土壤剖面深度而变化,其中除全P含量变化较显著外(P＜0.05),其余各养分含量变化都达极显著水平(P＜0.001).土壤养分变化具有明显的表聚性.相关分析表明,土壤有机质、全N、有效氮与速效钾相互间相关极显著(P＜0.001),而与全P与速效磷相关性不明显(P＞0.05),全P与速效磷二者相关性也不明显(P＞0.05).To understand the relationship between plant community succession and soil nutrient dynamics is crucial in intervening vegetation succession. This paper reported the results from a study carried out in a forest-steppe zone on the Loess Plateau, with emphasis on the vegetation characteristics and soil nutrient dynamics during vegetation restoration on abandoned farmlands of this area. The results showed that under zonal habitat conditions, natural vegetation succession would turn toward the original vegetation communities, but the expected shrub or trees communities didn＇ t occur after 40 ～ 50 years, and Stipa bungeana, Artemisia sacrorum, Bothriochloa ischaemun, Stipa grandis and Lespedeza davurica communities were still the widely distributed communities, Vegetation restoration had a significant effect on soil nutrient dynamics. In general, soil nutrient contents increased with restoration time, and extremely significant changes occurred in soil organic matter, total N, available N, and available K（ P 〈 0.001 ）, while only significant changes in available P （0.05 〈 P 〈 0.01 ） and no significant change in total P （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Moreover, the changes were also found in soil profile. Statistical analysis showed that from surface layer（0～20 cm）to deeper layer（to 60 cm）, extremely significant changes occurred in soil organic matter, total N, available N, available K and available P（ P 〈 0. 001 ）, and significant change in total P （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Soil nutrients intended to accumulate in surface layer. Further linear correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter, total N, available N and available K were significantly correlated each other（ P 〈 0. 001 ）, but didn＇t show correlation with soil total P and available P.

关 键 词：植被自然恢复 演替 土壤养分 相关性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]