氮肥施用对冬小麦产量、品质和氮素表观损失的影响研究  

Effects of N fertilization on winter wheat grain yield and its crude protein content and apparent N losses

作　　者：崔振岭[1] 石立委[2] 徐久飞[2] 李俊良[2] 张福锁[1] 陈新平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]莱阳农学院农学系,莱阳265200

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2005年第11期2071-2075,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30390084;30270772);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999011808);国家"十五"科学技术攻关重大专项资助项目(2002BA516A02).

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验,对施用氮肥造成的冬小麦产量、品质和环境效应进行了研究.结果表明,4个试验点最高产量施N量分别为0、0、79和118 kg·hm-2,最高籽粒粗蛋白质含量施N量分别为122、100、127和174kg·hm-,小麦收获后0～90 cm土壤剖面硝态氮残留量随施N量的增加呈极显著线性增加,而N表观损失则呈指数增加.在最高产量施N量条件下,小麦收获后0～90 cm土层硝态氮残留保持86～115 kg·hm-2,N表观损失为2～32 kg·hm-2,低于最高籽粒粗蛋白含量施N量时的土壤剖面硝态氮残留量(106～168 kg·hm-2)和N表观损失量(14～56kg·hm-2).综合考虑冬小麦产量、品质和环境安全,最高产量施N和氮肥施用的环境效应可以通过优化施N进行协调.Field experiments were conducted at four sites in 2002 to study the effects of N fertilization on winter wheat yield and its crude protein content and apparent N losses. The results showed that at these sites, the N application rate for maximum grain yield was 0, 0, 79 and 118 kg·hm^-2, and that for maximum grain crude protein content was 122,100,127 and 174 kg·hm^-2 respectively. The residual nitrate-N content in 0 ～ 90 cm soil layer after harvest was linearly increased, while the apparent N losses during wheat growth season was exponentially increased with increasing N application rate. Under the N application rate for maximum yield, soil residual nitrateN content ranged from 86 to 115 kg·hm^-2 and apparent N losses ranged from 2 to 32 kg·hm^-2, which were much lower than the residual nitrate-N content（106～168 kg·hm^-2）and apparent N losses（ 14～56 kg·hm^-2） when the maximum grain crude protein content was achieved. The results showed that the maximum wheat grain yield and the environment effects of N fertilization could be harmonized by an optimized N application rate, but, if considering the importance of wheat grain protein, more research in the future should be needed.

关 键 词：优化氮肥管理 土壤硝态氮残留 N表观损失 粗蛋白含量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]