虚拟水在农业生态系统中的作用与贡献分析  

Analysis on the role and endowment of virtual water in agricultural ecosystem

作　　者：柳文华[1] 董仁才[1] 邓红兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2005年第11期2108-2111,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX3-SW-423);国家自然科学基金项目(70403014);欧盟资助项目(ICA4-CT-2002-10004).

摘　　要：水是农业生态系统中最重要的组成要素之一,也是粮食生产的一个重要安全保证,在确保粮食资源持续供应增长人口的需求中起到了根本的作用.文中分析了虚拟水的政策内涵,并依据对我国过去20年粮食生产与进口替代趋势的分析和国内外的粮食生产条件,估算出1980～2000年,小麦进口每年有10.2×109 m3水和27.7×106 hm2土地输入,玉米进口约有0.3×109m3水和1.6×106 hm2土地被间接利用.这对缓解我国农业用水和耕地资源紧张状况,灵活利用粮食贸易进口,解决粮食生产中的用水困境,利用虚拟水进口来补偿水资源的贡献率,具有重要的现实意义.Water is one of the most important components of agricultural ecosystem, and also a source of food security, which plays an essential role in ensuring sustainable food resources for a growing population. In this study, the policy relevancy of virtual water was addressed, with food production, alternative trend of import, and product condition analyzed. The results showed that an average of 10.2 × 10^9 m^3 water and 27.7 × 10^6 hm^2 land was transferred by imported wheat, while an average of 0.3 ~ 109 m3 water and 1.6 × 10^6 hm^2 land was transferred by imported maize. The sum of virtual water equivalent was 10.5 × 10^9 m^3. It＇s of significance to alleviate the pressure of water stress in agriculture and arable land, help to resolve water predication of food production by food imports, and compensate water endowment.

关 键 词：农业用水 补偿 粮食贸易 水资源 政策相关性 

分 类 号：F323.2[经济管理—产业经济]